Sulfonamide-Linked Ciprofloxacin, Sulfadiazine and Amantadine Derivatives as a Novel Class of Inhibitors of Jack Bean Urease; Synthesis, Kinetic Mechanism and Molecular Docking
作者:Pervaiz Channar、Aamer Saeed、Fernando Albericio、Fayaz Larik、Qamar Abbas、Mubashir Hassan、Hussain Raza、Sung-Yum Seo
DOI:10.3390/molecules22081352
日期:——
Sulfonamide derivatives serve as an important building blocks in the drug design discovery and development (4D) process. Ciprofloxacin-, sulfadiazine- and amantadine-based sulfonamides were synthesized as potent inhibitors of jack bean urease and free radical scavengers. Molecular diversity was explored and electronic factors were also examined. All 24 synthesized compounds exhibited excellent potential against urease enzyme. Compound 3e (IC50 = 0.081 ± 0.003 µM), 6a (IC50 = 0.0022 ± 0.0002 µM), 9e (IC50 = 0.0250 ± 0.0007 µM) and 12d (IC50 = 0.0266 ± 0.0021 µM) were found to be the lead compounds compared to standard (thiourea, IC50 = 17.814 ± 0.096 µM). Molecular docking studies were performed to delineate the binding affinity of the molecules and a kinetic mechanism of enzyme inhibition was propounded. Compounds 3e, 6a and 12d exhibited a mixed type of inhibition, while derivative 9e revealed a non-competitive mode of inhibition. Compounds 12a, 12b, 12d, 12e and 12f showed excellent radical scavenging potency in comparison to the reference drug vitamin C.
磺胺类衍生物作为药物设计发现与发展(4D)过程中的重要构建模块。合成了一系列以环丙沙星、磺胺嘧啶和金刚烷胺为基础的磺胺类化合物,作为刀豆脲酶的有效抑制剂和自由基清除剂。研究了分子多样性并考察了电子因素。所有合成的24个化合物均展现出对抗脲酶的优异潜力。其中,化合物3e(IC50 = 0.081 ± 0.003 µM)、6a(IC50 = 0.0022 ± 0.0002 µM)、9e(IC50 = 0.0250 ± 0.0007 µM)和12d(IC50 = 0.0266 ± 0.0021 µM)相比标准物(硫脲,IC50 = 17.814 ± 0.096 µM)被认定为领先化合物。通过分子对接研究详细描述了分子的结合亲和力,并提出了酶抑制的动力学机制。化合物3e、6a和12d表现出混合型抑制作用,而衍生物9e则揭示了非竞争性抑制模式。与参比药物维生素C相比,化合物12a、12b、12d、12e和12f展现出极佳的自由基清除能力。