叔酰胺,例如N-酰化脯氨酸或N-甲基甘氨酸残基,与硝酸根 (NO 3 ˙) 快速反应,在乙腈中的绝对速率系数范围为 4-7 × 10 8 M -1 s -1 。主要途径通过氮处的氧化电子转移 (ET) 进行,而在这些条件下,夺氢只是次要因素。然而,酰胺的空间位阻,例如α-碳上的烷基侧链,使速率系数降低高达 75%,表明 NO 3˙ 诱导的酰胺键氧化通过电荷转移复合物的初始形成进行。此外,脯氨酸和N-甲基甘氨酸的氧化损伤率显着受其在肽中的位置的影响。因此,相邻的肽键,特别是在N方向上,会降低叔酰胺的电子密度,从而将 ET 的速率降低多达一个数量级。这些模型研究的结果表明,与单一氨基酸相比,肽中脯氨酸残基对自由基诱导的氧化损伤的敏感性应大大降低。
叔酰胺,例如N-酰化脯氨酸或N-甲基甘氨酸残基,与硝酸根 (NO 3 ˙) 快速反应,在乙腈中的绝对速率系数范围为 4-7 × 10 8 M -1 s -1 。主要途径通过氮处的氧化电子转移 (ET) 进行,而在这些条件下,夺氢只是次要因素。然而,酰胺的空间位阻,例如α-碳上的烷基侧链,使速率系数降低高达 75%,表明 NO 3˙ 诱导的酰胺键氧化通过电荷转移复合物的初始形成进行。此外,脯氨酸和N-甲基甘氨酸的氧化损伤率显着受其在肽中的位置的影响。因此,相邻的肽键,特别是在N方向上,会降低叔酰胺的电子密度,从而将 ET 的速率降低多达一个数量级。这些模型研究的结果表明,与单一氨基酸相比,肽中脯氨酸残基对自由基诱导的氧化损伤的敏感性应大大降低。
N-(6-((acylaminoacylamino or aminoacylamino)phenyl)-1,2-dihydro-2-oxonicotinyl) cephalosporin compounds, processes for their production, and compositions containing the same
申请人:WARNER-LAMBERT COMPANY
公开号:EP0015771A1
公开(公告)日:1980-09-17
N-[6-[(acylaminoacylamino or aminoacylamino) phenyl]-1,2-dihydro-2-oxonicotinyl] cephalosporin compounds having the formula:
wlth broad spectrum antibacterial utility are provided, which can be produced by (a) reacting the free amino acid of the appropriate cephalosporin or the acid salt or silylated derivative or complex thereof with a reactive derivative of the corresponding N-6-[(acylaminoacylamino or aminoacylamino)phenyl]-1,2-dihydro-2-oxonicotinic acid, or (b) reacting the free amino acid 7-aminocephalosporanic acid or a related compound or the acid salt or silylated derivative thereof with a reactive derivative of the corresponding D-N-[6-[(acylaminoacylamino or aminoacylamino)phenyl]-1,2-dihydro-2-oxonicotinyl]-2-substituted glycine. Pharmaceutical compositions containing the novel compounds and methods for treating infections using such compositions are also disclosed.
N-(6-((acylaminoacylamino or aminoacylamino)phenyl) 1,2-dihydro-2-oxonicotinyl)penicillin compounds, processes for their production and compositions containing them
申请人:WARNER-LAMBERT COMPANY
公开号:EP0015773A2
公开(公告)日:1980-09-17
Compounds which are N-[6-[(acylaminoacylamino or aminoacylamino) phenyl]-1,2- dihydro-2- oxonicotinyl] penicillins having the formula
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof; have broad spectrum antibacterial utility. They can be produced by (a) reacting the free amino acid of the appropriate penicillin or the acid salt or silylated derivative or complex thereof with a reactive derivative of the corresponding N-6-[(acyl- aminoacylamino or aminoacylamino)-phenyl]-1,2-dihydro-2-oxonicotinic acid, or (b) reacting the free amino acid 6-aminopenicillanic acid or a related compound or the acid salt or silylated derivative thereof with a reactive derivative of the corresponding D-N-[6-[(acylaminoacylamino or amlnoacylamino)phenyl]-1,2-dihydro-oxonicotinyl]-2-substituted glycine. Pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds, methods for treating infections using such compositions and the starting compounds are also disclosed.
Composition containing a penem or carbapenem antibiotic
申请人:SANKYO COMPANY LIMITED
公开号:EP0178911A2
公开(公告)日:1986-04-23
57 Administration of an N-acylated amino acid (ornithine, lysine, phenylglycine or phenylalanine) in association with a penem or carbapenem antibiotic relieves or eliminates the renal problems associated with administration of the antibiotic alone. The amino acid and antibiotic may be formulated together as a composition or administered separately, either simultaneously or sequentially. A pharmaceutical composition may be prepared simply by mixing the two components.
Solutions comprising a glycopeptide antibiotic, for example Vancomycin, and an amino acid or amino acid derivative such as N-acetyl-Glycine or N-acetyl-D-Alanine are provided. These solutions are stable or stabilized for long-term periods at conditions of normal use and storage, and can be formulated as pharmaceutical solutions for use in subjects. Methods of manufacturing and using these solutions are also provided, as are methods of stabilizing a glycopeptide antibiotic, for example Vancomycin, using amino acids or amino acid derivatives such as N-acetyl-Glycine or N-acetyl-D-Alanine.