choline tartrate

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机酸及其衍生物 - 羟基酸及其衍生物
• 英文名称: choline tartrate
• 英文别名: 2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioate;2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium；2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate;2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium
• 化学式: C₄H₄O₆*2C₅H₁₄NO
• 分子量: 356.417
• InChiKey: QWJSAWXRUVVRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-L

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -5.11
• 重原子数：
  17
• 可旋转键数：
  3
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.78
• 拓扑面积：
  141
• 氢给体数：
  3
• 氢受体数：
  7

反应信息

• 作为产物：
  描述：

  氯化胆碱 、 酒石酸 在 anion exchange resin Ambersep 900 OH 作用下， 以 水 为溶剂， 生成 choline tartrate
  参考文献：
  名称：

  木质素溶解的高效可持续溶剂：胆碱羧酸盐水溶液

  摘要：

  木质素是有前途的化石资源替代品，可用于生产燃料，生物复合材料和增值化学品。为了更好地利用这种自然资源，仍然有必要开发有效的木质素溶剂。因此，在这项工作中，通过向生物来源的胆碱羧酸盐离子液体（ILs）中添加水，已经开发出13种新型木质素溶剂。木质素的溶解度已在25°C下确定为IL含量的函数。系统检查了ILs的阴离子结构对木质素溶解度的影响。发现在这些溶剂中，六种类型的IL在室温下显示出木质素溶解的高效能力。木质素在羧酸根阴离子中的溶解度随烷基链长度的增加而增加，2组以及使用胆碱二-/三羧酸盐会导致木质素溶解度降低，甚至使木质素不溶于溶剂。根据NMR测量，这些结果已通过阴离子羧基的强水合以及阴离子和阳离子的烷基链与木质素的可能相互作用来解释。另外，溶解的木质素可以通过添加额外的水来再生，并且在溶解和再生过程中不会发生化学反应。

  DOI：

  10.1039/c7gc01886j

文献信息

• HIGHLY SOLUBLE SALT OF PYRROLOQUINOLINE QUINONE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME
  申请人：Ikemoto Kazuto

  公开号：US20130253001A1

  公开（公告）日：2013-09-26

  An object of the present invention is to provide a salt of pyrroloquinoline quinone having a high solubility in water and in an organic solvent and a method for producing the same. According to the present invention, there are provided an ammonium salt of pyrroloquinoline quinone having a high solubility in water and in an organic solvent, consisting of a pyrroloquinoline quinone ion and an ammonium salt having a hydroxyl group.

  本发明的目的是提供一种吡咯喹啉喹醌盐，其在水和有机溶剂中具有高溶解度，并提供其制备方法。根据本发明，提供了一种吡咯喹啉喹醌铵盐，其在水和有机溶剂中具有高溶解度，由吡咯喹啉喹醌离子和具有羟基的铵盐组成。
• [EN] ANIONIC HYDROGEL MATRICES WITH PH DEPENDENT MODIFIED RELEASE AS DRUG CARRIERS<br/>[FR] MATRICES D'HYDROGEL ANIONIQUE A LIBERATION MODIFIEE DEPENDANT DU PH COMME VECTEURS DE MEDICAMENT
  申请人：SIGMA TAU IND FARMACEUTI

  公开号：WO2005094792A1

  公开（公告）日：2005-10-13

  Compositions with pH-dependent modified release are described, consisting of hydrogel matrices containing one or more active ingredients, in which said matrices are suitable for releasing said active ingredients in a prolonged manner in given sites of the body.

  本发明描述了具有pH依赖性改性释放的组合物，包括含有一种或多种活性成分的水凝胶基质，其中所述基质适用于在身体的给定部位以延长的方式释放所述活性成分。
• DRUG FOR HEPATIC DISEASES
  申请人：SAGAMI CHEMICAL RESEARCH CENTER

  公开号：EP0567653A1

  公开（公告）日：1993-11-03

  A drug for hepatic diseases, particularly an ameliorant for hepatic functions and a drug for hepatitis, containing docosahexaenoic acid or a derivative thereof (DHA) as an active ingredient. The DHA as the active drug ingredient, though also taking part in the metabolism of cholesterol formed in vivo and exuding into the plasma, mainly metabolizes that cholesterol specifically which is accumulated in hepatic microsomes as a result of hypometabolism or dysbolism to thereby bring about the recovery of flexibility of a microsome lipid membrane, thus enhancing the enzymatic activity, and to significantly reduce a neutral fat, thus being prospective as an ameliorant for hepatic functions in treating fatty liver, hepatic cirrhosis, etc. The invention also provides a drug for hepatitis, which can inhibit the induction of hepatitis which is one of the factor causative of chronic hepatitis, hepatic cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatic insufficiency, etc.

  一种治疗肝病的药物，特别是一种改善肝功能的药物和一种治疗肝炎的药物，其活性成分含有二十二碳六烯酸或其衍生物（DHA）。作为活性药物成分的 DHA 虽然也参与体内形成并渗入血浆的胆固醇的代谢，但它主要代谢的是因代谢不足或代谢失调而在肝微粒体中积累的胆固醇，从而使微粒体脂膜恢复弹性、本发明还提供了一种用于治疗脂肪肝、肝硬化等的肝功能改善药物。本发明还提供了一种治疗肝炎的药物，可抑制慢性肝炎、肝硬化、肝细胞癌、肝功能不全等的致病因素之一--肝炎的诱发。
• Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, composition principally comprising sugar and containing the same, sweetener, food and feed
  申请人：THE HOKUREN FEDERATION OF AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVES

  公开号：EP0738475A1

  公开（公告）日：1996-10-23

  This invention relates an α-glucosidase inhibitor mildly inhibiting α-glucosidase locally present in the micro-villus of small intestine, a composition principally comprising sugar and containing the inhibitor, a food, a sweetener and a feed. The inhibitor delays the digestion of starch, starch-derived oligosaccharides and sucrose, so that the inhibitor has an action of suppressing rapid increase in blood glucose level and an action of suppressing insulin secretion at a lower level. Thus, the inhibitor is useful for the prophylaxis of obesity and diabetes mellitus. The α-glucosidase inhibitor of the present invention is composed of nucleotide, nucleoside, or base as the structural component of nucleic acid and one or two or more digestible sugars selected from sucrose, starch and starch-derived oligosaccharide. The α-glucosidase inhibitor mildly inhibits the action of α-glucosidase as a digestive enzyme in small intestine, and has effects of suppressing rapid increase in blood glucose level and suppressing insulin secretion at a lower level. In combination with digestible sugars, the α-glucosidase inhibitor is applicable as foods, sweeteners and feeds.

  本发明涉及一种可轻度抑制局部存在于小肠微绒毛中的α-葡萄糖苷酶的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂、一种主要由糖组成并含有该抑制剂的组合物、一种食品、一种甜味剂和一种饲料。该抑制剂可延缓淀粉、淀粉衍生的低聚糖和蔗糖的消化，因此该抑制剂具有抑制血糖水平快速升高的作用，以及在较低水平上抑制胰岛素分泌的作用。因此，该抑制剂可用于预防肥胖症和糖尿病。本发明的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂由作为核酸结构成分的核苷酸、核苷或碱基和选自蔗糖、淀粉和淀粉衍生寡糖的一种或两种以上可消化糖组成。α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂可轻度抑制作为小肠消化酶的α-葡萄糖苷酶的作用，并具有抑制血糖快速升高和抑制胰岛素在较低水平分泌的作用。α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂与可消化糖类结合，可用作食品、甜味剂和饲料。
• Glycine for prevention or treatment of transplant rejection
  申请人：Novartis Nutrition AG

  公开号：EP0882451A1

  公开（公告）日：1998-12-09

  Glycine is indicated to prevent or treat acute or chronic graft rejection, optionally in combination with an immunosuppressant or an immunomodulating agent.

  甘氨酸适用于预防或治疗急性或慢性移植物排斥反应，可选择与免疫抑制剂或免疫调节剂联合使用。