Macrophages infiltrated in adipose tissue play a key role in obesity. Some traditional pharmaceutical compounds may shift the polarization of recruited macrophages to improve metabolic homeostasis. TanshinonellA (TAN2A) is a major active component of Salvia miltiorrhiza, a traditional anti-inflammatory cardiovascular medicine. In our study, we firstly constructed a phenanthroimidazole derivative of TAN2A named TAN20 by chemical synthesis, then identified its structure by chromatography and hydrogen spectroscopy, and finally examined its effects on immunometabolic responses. We found that TAN20 significantly induced the alternatively-activated (M2) rather than the classically-activated macrophages (M1), mainly through releasing the type II cytokines. Such effects were more pronounced than that from TAN2A. Compared to TAN2A, TAN20 substantially reduced body weight, decreased serum free fatty acid and HOMA-IR, and increased insulin sensitivity in obesity-induced diabetic mice. These effects of TAN20 were further validated on diabetic cynomolgus monkeys, which are closer to human physiological conditions. Taken together, our findings explicitly showed that TAN20 significantly polarized the macrophage and improved metabolic homeostasis in obesity-induced diabetic models, suggesting that TAN20 may be a potential drug against diabetes and obesity. (C) 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Selective stabilization of multiple promoter G-quadruplex DNA by using 2-phenyl-1H-imidazole-based tanshinone IIA derivatives and their potential suppressing function in the metastatic breast cancer
selectivity and the binding affinity with G4 DNA and enhance the target tumor inhibition. Cellular and in vivo experiments indicate that the tanshinoneIIAderivative 4 inhibits the growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis of triple-negative breast cancer cells possibly through the stabilization of multiple G4 DNAs (e.g., c-myc, K-ras, and VEGF) to induceDNA damage. Further investigation of the intermolecular
G-四链体 (G4) DNA 已被开发为药物筛选和设计中的潜在抗癌靶点,在癌基因转录和翻译中起着至关重要的作用。具有平面杂环结构的丹参酮 IIA 衍生物可作为 G4 稳定剂。我们提出基于咪唑的丹参酮IIA衍生物(一种创新的情况下1 - 8),特别是化合物4的是提高选择性和G4 DNA的结合亲和力和提高靶肿瘤抑制。细胞和体内实验表明丹参酮 IIA 衍生物4可能通过稳定多种 G4 DNA(例如 c-myc、K-ras 和 VEGF)以诱导 DNA 损伤来抑制三阴性乳腺癌细胞的生长、转移和血管生成。对分子间相互作用和分子对接的进一步研究表明,丹参酮 IIA 衍生物对各种 G4 DNA 的选择性结合能力比对双链 DNA 更好。这些发现为修饰丹参酮 IIA 衍生物的分子结构提供了指导,并揭示了它们作为特定 G4 稳定剂的潜力。