Synthesis, toxicity, biodegradability and physicochemical properties of 4-benzyl-4-methylmorpholinium-based ionic liquids
作者:Juliusz Pernak、Nina Borucka、Filip Walkiewicz、Bartosz Markiewicz、Przemysław Fochtman、Stefan Stolte、Stephanie Steudte、Piotr Stepnowski
DOI:10.1039/c1gc15468k
日期:——
A series of 4-benzyl-4-methylmorpholinium salts have been synthesized producing morpholinium ionic liquids with inorganic (chloride, nitrate, tetrafluoroborate, hydrogen sulphate) and organic (formate, acetate, methoxyacetate, 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)acetate, hexanoate, octanoate, dodecyl sulphate, 2-ethylbutyrate, lactate, crotonate, maleate, salicylate, saccharinate) anions. Their physicochemical properties, cytotoxicity to the promyelocytic leukaemia rat cell line IPC-81, oral toxicity and biodegradability were determined. The anion significantly determined the state of aggregation and cytotoxicity. The results enabled 4-benzyl-4-methylmorpholinium ionic liquids to be classified as being of moderate or low toxicity (EC50 between 0.15 and 14.13 mM). The acute toxicity for 4-benzyl-4-ethylmorpholinium acetate is between 300–2000 mg kg−1b.w. in female rats. The activity of these morpholinium salts against bacteria and fungi was very low. It was found that new 4-benzyl-4-methylmorpholinium-based ionic liquids with anions commonly used for dissolving cellulose, such as formate or acetate, can also be used as new biomass solvents.
一系列4-苄基-4-甲基吗啉盐已被合成,产生了具有无机(氯化物、硝酸盐、四氟硼酸盐、硫酸氢盐)和有机(甲酸盐、乙酸盐、甲氧基乙酸盐、2-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)乙酸盐、己酸酯、辛酸酯、十二烷基硫酸盐、2-乙基丁酸酯、乳酸酯、巴豆酸酯、马来酸酯、水杨酸酯、糖精酯)阴离子的吗啉离子液体。测定了它们的物理化学性质、对早幼粒细胞性白血病大鼠细胞系IPC-81的细胞毒性、口服毒性和生物降解性。阴离子显著决定了聚合状态和细胞毒性。结果使4-苄基-4-甲基吗啉离子液体被分类为中等或低毒性(EC50在0.15至14.13 mM之间)。4-苄基-4-乙基吗啉乙酸盐的急性毒性在雌性大鼠中为300–2000 mg kg−1体重。这些吗啉盐对细菌和真菌的活性非常低。发现具有常用于溶解纤维素的阴离子,如甲酸盐或乙酸盐的新型4-苄基-4-甲基吗啉基离子液体,也可以用作新的生物质溶剂。