Strains of Mycobacterium and Nocardia isolated because of their ability to use di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) as sole carbon source also grew on diethyl, diisooctyl, and butyl benzyl phtalates. As the two bacteria grew on di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate , they excreted products that increased the solubility of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and diisoctyl, dihexyl, and diisodecyl but not butyl benzyl or di-n-butyl phthalates. The solubilizer was produced by Mycobacterium sp even when grown on a water soluble substrate such as acetate. Addition of the solubilizer to culture media enhanced the degradation of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and diisooctyl phthalate by Mycobacterium sp and Nocardia sp but not butyl benzyl phthalate. The extent of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate degradation by Mycobacterium sp in media amended with the solubilizer was reduced and the initiation of degradation was delayed if the solubilizer was first treated with protease. The effect of protease was not a result of its toxicity to Mycobacterium or use of the enzyme preparation for growth of the organism. The results thus show that microbial products increase the solubility of certain phthalates and enhance their degradation.
Phthalate esters are first hydrolyzed to their monoester derivative. Once formed, the monoester derivative can be further hydrolyzed in vivo to phthalic acid or conjugated to glucuronide, both of which can then be excreted. The terminal or next-to-last carbon atom in the monoester can also be oxidized to an alcohol, which can be excreted as is or first oxidized to an aldehyde, ketone, or carboxylic acid. The monoester and oxidative metabolites are excreted in the urine and faeces. (A2884)
Phthalate esters are endocrine disruptors. They decrease foetal testis testosterone production and reduce the expression of steroidogenic genes by decreasing mRNA expression. Some phthalates have also been shown to reduce the expression of insulin-like peptide 3 (insl3), an important hormone secreted by the Leydig cell necessary for development of the gubernacular ligament. Animal studies have shown that these effects disrupt reproductive development and can cause a number of malformations in affected young. (A2883)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
致癌物分类
对人类不具有致癌性（未被国际癌症研究机构IARC列名）。
No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
Phthalate esters are endocrine disruptors. Animal studies have shown that they disrupt reproductive development and can cause a number of malformations in affected young, such as reduced anogenital distance (AGD), cryptorchidism, hypospadias, and reduced fertility. The combination of effects associated with phthalates is called 'phthalate syndrome’. (A2883)
This study examined the extent of dermal absorption of a series of phthalate diesters in the rat. Those tested were dimethyl, diethyl, dibutyl, diisobutyl, dihexyl, di(2-ethylhexyl), diisodecyl, and benzyl butyl phthalate. Hair from a skin area (1.3 cm in diameter) on the back of male F344 rats was clipped, the 14(C)phthalate diester was applied in a dose of 157 mumol/kg, and the area of application was covered with a perforated cap. The rat was restrained and housed for 7 days in a metabolic cage that allowed separate collection of urine and feces. Urine and feces were collected every 24 hr, and the amount of (14)C excreted was taken as an index of the percutaneous absorption. At 24 hr, diethyl phthalate showed the greatest excretion (26%). As the length of the alkyl side chain increased, the amount of (14)C excreted in the first 24 hr decreased signficantly. The cumulative percentage dose excreted in 7 days was greatest for diethyl, dibutyl, and diisobutyl phthalate, about 50-60% of the applied (14)C; and intermediate (20-40%) for dimethyl, benzyl butyl, and dihexyl phthalate. Urine was the major route of excretion of all phthalate diesters except for diisodecyl phthalate. This compound was poorly absorbed and showed almost no urinary excretion. After 7 days, the percentage dose for each phthalate that remained in the body was minimal showed no specific tissue distribution. Most of the unexcreted dose remained in the area of application. These data show that the structure of the phthalate diester determines the degree of dermal absorption. Absorption maximized with diethyl phthalate and then decreased significantly as the alkyl side chain length increased.
Dermally absorbed DnHP was widely distributed throughout the body with no tissue containing >0.6% of the applied dose. There was no evidence for accumulation in any tissue.
Process for the preparation of olmesartan medoxomil
申请人：KRKA, tovarna zdravil, d.d., Novo mesto
公开号：EP1816131A1
公开（公告）日：2007-08-08
The present invenion relates to an improved process for the manufacture of olmesartan and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof as an active ingredient of a medicament for the treatment of hypertension and related diseases and conditions.
PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF OLMESARTAN MEDOXOMIL
申请人：Zupancic Silvo
公开号：US20090131680A1
公开（公告）日：2009-05-21
The present invention relates to an improved process for the manufacture of olmesartan and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof as an active ingredient of a medicament for the treatment of hypertension and related diseases and conditions.
Novolac resin-containing resist underlayer film-forming composition using bisphenol aldehyde
申请人：NISSAN CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES, LTD.
公开号：US10017664B2
公开（公告）日：2018-07-10
Resist underlayer film-forming composition for forming resist underlayer film with high dry etching resistance, wiggling resistance and exerts good flattening property and embedding property for uneven parts, including resin obtained by reacting organic compound A including aromatic ring and aldehyde B having at least two aromatic hydrocarbon ring groups having phenolic hydroxy group and having structure wherein the aromatic hydrocarbon ring groups are bonded through tertiary carbon atom. The aldehyde B may be compound of Formula (1):
The obtained resin may have a unit structure of Formula (2):
Ar1 and Ar2 each are C6-40 aryl group. The organic compound A including aromatic ring may be aromatic amine or phenolic hydroxy group-containing compound. The composition may contain further solvent, acid and/or acid generator, or crosslinking agent. Forming resist pattern used for semiconductor production, including forming resist underlayer film by applying the resist underlayer film-forming composition onto semiconductor substrate and baking it.
An object of the present invention is to provide a process that enables isocyanate to be produced stably over a long period of time and at high yield without encountering problems of the prior art during production of isocyanate without using phosgene. The present invention discloses a process for producing an isocyanate by subjecting a carbamic acid ester to a thermal decomposition reaction, including the steps of: recovering a low boiling point component in a form of a gaseous phase component from a thermal decomposition reaction vessel in which the thermal decomposition reaction is carried out; recovering a liquid phase component containing a carbamic acid ester from a bottom of the thermal decomposition reaction vessel; and supplying all or a portion of the liquid phase component to an upper portion of the thermal decomposition reaction vessel.
ISOTHIOCYANATE PRODUCTION METHOD, COMPOSITION FOR TRANSPORTING AND STORING N-SUBSTITUTED O-SUBSTITUTED THIOCARBAMATE, AND ISOTHIOCYANATE COMPOSITION
申请人：ASAHI KASEI CHEMICALS CORPORATION
公开号：US20160016901A1
公开（公告）日：2016-01-21
The present invention relates to an isothiocyanate production method using an organic primary amine and thiourea as starting materials; to a composition for transporting and storing an N-substituted O-substituted thiocarbamate that includes an N-substituted O-substituted thiocarbamate and a hydroxy compound, the equivalent weight ratio of hydroxy groups of the hydroxy compound with respect to the carbamate groups of the N-substituted O-substituted thiocarbamate being in the range of 1 to 100; to a composition for transporting and storing a compound with a thioureido group that includes a compound with a thioureido group and a hydroxy compound, the equivalent weight ratio of hydroxy groups of the hydroxy compound with respect to the thioureido groups of the compound with a thioureido group being in the range of 1 to 100; and to an isothiocyanate composition containing an isothiocyanate and a compound with a specific functional group.
