Di-n-octyl phthalate appears as a clear liquid with a mild odor. Slightly less dense than water and insoluble in water. Hence floats on water. Flash point 430°F. The primary hazard is the threat to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit its spread to the environment. As a liquid, can easily penetrate the soil and contaminate groundwater and nearby streams. Eye contact may produce severe irritation and direct skin contact may produce mild irritation. Used in the manufacture of a variety of plastics and coating products.
... Di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP) is metabolized to its hydrolytic monoester, mono-n-octyl phthalate (MnOP), and other oxidative products. The urinary levels of one of these oxidative metabolites, mono-(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate (MCPP), were about 560-fold higher than MnOP in Sprague-Dawley rats dosed with DnOP by gavage. Furthermore, MCPP was also found in the urine of rats dosed with di-isooctyl phthalate (DiOP), di-isononyl phthalate (DiNP), di-isodecyl phthalate (DiDP), di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, and di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), although at concentrations considerably lower than in rats given similar concentrations of DnOP. The comparatively much higher urinary concentrations of MCPP than of the hydrolytic monoesters of the high-molecular-weight phthalates DiOP, DiNP, and DiDP in the exposed rats suggest that these monoesters may be poor biomarkers of exposure to their precursor phthalates and may explain the relatively low frequency of detection of these monoester metabolites in human populations. MCPP and MnOP were also measured in 267 human urine samples. The frequent detection and higher urinary concentrations of MCPP than MnOP suggest that exposure to DnOP might be higher than previously thought based on the measurements of MnOP alone. However, because MCPP is also a minor metabolite of DBP and other phthalates in rats, and the metabolism of phthalates in rodents and humans may differ, additional data on the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of MCPP are needed to completely understand the extent of human exposure to DnOP from the urinary concentrations of MCPP.
The metabolism of di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP) results in the hydrolysis of one ester linkage to produce mono-n-octyl phthalate (MnOP), which subsequently metabolizes to form oxidative metabolites. ... The toxicokinetics of DnOP in adult female Sprague-Dawley rats /was investigated/ by monitoring the excretion of DnOP metabolites in urine after oral administration of DnOP (300 mg/kg). By using authentic standards, the presence of urinary phthalic acid (PA), MnOP, and the major DnOP metabolite, mono-(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate (MCPP) was clearly established. Furthermore, ... five additional urinary DnOP oxidative metabolites /were identified/ based on their chromatographic behavior and mass spectrometric fragmentation pattern. These DnOP oxidative metabolites, are postulated to be mono-carboxymethyl phthalate (MCMP), mono-(5-carboxy-n-pentyl) phthalate (MCPeP), mono-(7-carboxy-n-heptyl) phthalate (MCHpP), and isomers of mono-hydroxy-n-octyl phthalate (MHOP) (e.g., mono-(7-hydroxy-n-octyl) phthalate) and of mono-oxo-n-octyl phthalate (MOOP) (e.g., mono-(7-oxo-n-octyl) phthalate). The urinary excretion of DnOP metabolites followed a biphasic excretion pattern. The metabolite levels decreased significantly after the first day of DnOP administration although MCPP, MCHpP, MHOP, and MOOP were detectable after 4 days. We also studied the in vitro metabolism of DnOP and MnOP by rat liver microsomes. DnOP produced MnOP, MHOP, and PA in vitro whereas, MnOP produced MHOP and PA in vitro at detectable levels.
Hepatic prepn from rat, baboon & ferret hydrolyzed the phthalate diester of di-n-octyl to corresponding monoester derivatives. /in addition,/ intestinal prepn from the 3 animal species & from man also catalyzed the monohydrolysis of phthalate diesters.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
辛醇是DnOP的代谢产物。辛醇被氧化成脂肪酸,并通过脂肪酸氧化途径进行代谢。
n-Octanol is a metabolite of DnOP. Octanol is oxidized to the fatty acid and metabolized by the fatty acid oxidation pathway.
Phthalate esters are first hydrolyzed to their monoester derivative. Once formed, the monoester derivative can be further hydrolyzed in vivo to phthalic acid or conjugated to glucuronide, both of which can then be excreted. The terminal or next-to-last carbon atom in the monoester can also be oxidized to an alcohol, which can be excreted as is or first oxidized to an aldehyde, ketone, or carboxylic acid. The monoester and oxidative metabolites are excreted in the urine and faeces. (A2884)
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Di-n-octylphthalate (DNOP) is a clear, oily liquid. It is used as a plasticizer; DNOP can represent 5-60% of the total weight of the plastics and resins. It is found in cosmetics and colorants. DNOP also serves as a carrier for catalysts or initiators and as a substitute for electrical capacitor fluid. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: In 173 subjects with suspected dermatoses to plastic or glue allergens, two subjects (1.2% of the group) experienced irritation after patch testing with 2.0% DNOP. None of the patients had allergic reactions. There is a case study of a worker with continuous exposure to DNOP during the manufacture of imitation leather, who developed an asthmatic reaction to the substance. Women with endometriosis showed significantly higher concentrations of DNOP in their blood in a study of 49 infertile women with endometriosis (study group), and 38 age-matched women without endometriosis (control group I) but with infertility related to tubal defects, fibroids, polycystic ovaries, idiopathic infertility and pelvic inflammatory diseases diagnosed by laparoscopy and a further group of 21 age-matched women (control group II). An increase in toxic polyneuritis has been reported in workers exposed primarily to dibutyl phthalates. Lesser levels of exposure to dioctyl, diisooctyl, benzylbutyl phthalates, and tricresyl phosphate were also noted. ANIMAL STUDIES: DNOP was reported to be a slight skin irritant when applied to the depilated skin of guinea pigs. However, DNOP was not a skin sensitizer in guinea pigs. Ocular administration of DNOP resulted in slight conjunctival irritation and no corneal damage. The results of several acute- and intermediate-duration oral studies in rodents indicate that the potential of DNOP to cause adverse reproductive and developmental effects is low. Unlike other phthalate esters such as DEHP, DNOP does not appear to affect testicular function or morphology. Observed hepatic effects in intermediate duration studies consisted of a statistically significant increase in hepatic ethoxyresorufin-0-deethylase activity and histological changes in hepatic architecture. Thyroid toxicity was also noted at this concentration. Rats treated with 100, 300, or 600 mg/kg DNOP by ip injection for up to 90 day were evaluated for immunological responses. The high dose resulted in early loss of distinction between the cortex and medulla of the thyroid, reduced numbers of follicles in the lymph nodes, and loss of morphology in the adrenal glands. However, there was no effect on immune response. Results of studies in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98, TA100, TA1535, and TA1537 (with and without S-9 metabolic activation systems) indicated that DNOP is not mutagenic. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: The toxicity of DNOP was assessed by measuring the effect of exposure to these compounds on the fecundity of Daphnia magna and on the hatching and survival of the early life stages of the fathead minnow Pimephales promelas. For Daphnia magna, exposure to 1.0 mg/L DNOP caused a significant reduction in reproduction. Exposure to DNOP did not affect survival of either early embryos or larvae of the fathead minnow at doses up to 10 mg/L (the highest dose tested). Hatching of the embryos was significantly decreased at 10 mg/L, but not at 3.2 mg/L DNOP.
Phthalate esters are endocrine disruptors. They decrease foetal testis testosterone production and reduce the expression of steroidogenic genes by decreasing mRNA expression. Some phthalates have also been shown to reduce the expression of insulin-like peptide 3 (insl3), an important hormone secreted by the Leydig cell necessary for development of the gubernacular ligament. Animal studies have shown that these effects disrupt reproductive development and can cause a number of malformations in affected young. (A2883)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
致癌物分类
对人类无致癌性(未列入国际癌症研究机构IARC清单)。
No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
Phthalate esters are endocrine disruptors. Animal studies have shown that they disrupt reproductive development and can cause a number of malformations in affected young, such as reduced anogenital distance (AGD), cryptorchidism, hypospadias, and reduced fertility. The combination of effects associated with phthalates is called 'phthalate syndrome’. (A2883)
Di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP) is found as a component of mixed C6-C10 linear-chain phthalates used as plasticizers in various polyvinyl chloride applications, including flooring and carpet tiles. Following exposure and absorption, DnOP is metabolized to its hydrolytic monoester, mono-n-octyl phthalate (MnOP), and other oxidative products. The urinary levels of one of these oxidative metabolites, mono-(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate (MCPP), were about 560-fold higher than MnOP in Sprague-Dawley rats dosed with DnOP by gavage. Furthermore, MCPP was also found in the urine of rats dosed with di-isooctyl phthalate (DiOP), di-isononyl phthalate (DiNP), di-isodecyl phthalate (DiDP), di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, and di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), although at concentrations considerably lower than in rats given similar concentrations of DnOP. The comparatively much higher urinary concentrations of MCPP than of the hydrolytic monoesters of the high-molecular-weight phthalates DiOP, DiNP, and DiDP in the exposed rats suggest that these monoesters may be poor biomarkers of exposure to their precursor phthalates and may explain the relatively low frequency of detection of these monoester metabolites in human populations. MCPP and MnOP were also measured in 267 human urine samples. The frequent detection and higher urinary concentrations of MCPP than MnOP suggest that exposure to DnOP might be higher than previously thought based on the measurements of MnOP alone. However, because MCPP is also a minor metabolite of DBP and other phthalates in rats, and the metabolism of phthalates in rodents and humans may differ, additional data on the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of MCPP are needed to completely understand the extent of human exposure to DnOP from the urinary concentrations of MCPP.
Sprague-Dawley rats were administered ... 5,000 parts per million (ppm) di-n-octyl phthalate (DNOP) in their diet for 13 weeks. Similar control groups received either 4% corn oil or 5000 ppm of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). ... Trace quantities (3-5 ppm) of DEHP and DNOP were detected in the liver, and 15-31 ppm were found in adipose tissue ... .
... Male CD rats /were dosed/ by gavage with 0.2 mL DnOP and collected urine for analysis of metabolites. They recovered 31% of the dose in the urine by 48 hours. The monoester and some free phthalic acid were detected, but no parent DnOP was observed. Blood levels of the monoester, mono-octylphthalate, were measured in rats following administration of 2,000 mg/kg of DnOP by gavage. The biological halflife in the blood was 3.3 hours with an area under the curve (AUC) of 1,066 ug/hr/mL. Peak blood levels were observed at 3 hours following administration.
1.周国泰,化学危险品安全技术全书,化学工业出版社,1997 2.国家环保局有毒化学品管理办公室、北京化工研究院合编,化学品毒性法规环境数据手册,中国环境科学出版社.1992 3.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety,CHEMINFO Database.1998 4.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, RTECS Database, 1989
Thieno-pyrimidine compounds having fungicidal activity
申请人:Brewster Kirkland William
公开号:US20070093498A1
公开(公告)日:2007-04-26
The present invention relates to thieno[2,3-d]-pyrimidine compounds having fungicidal activity.
本发明涉及具有杀真菌活性的噻吩[2,3-d]-嘧啶化合物。
PHOTOSENSITIVE RESIN COMPOSITION, OXIME SULFONATE COMPOUND, METHOD FOR FORMING CURED FILM, CURED FILM, ORGANIC EL DISPLAY DEVICE, AND LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY DEVICE
申请人:FUJIFILM Corporation
公开号:US20130171415A1
公开(公告)日:2013-07-04
Disclosed is a photosensitive resin composition comprising: (Component A) an oxime sulfonate compound represented by Formula (1); (Component B) a resin comprising a constituent unit having an acid-decomposable group that is decomposed by an acid to form a carboxyl group or a phenolic hydroxy group; and (Component C) a solvent
wherein in Formula (1) R
1
denotes an alkyl group, an aryl group, or a heteroaryl group, each R
2
independently denotes a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, or a halogen atom, Ar
1
denotes an o-arylene group or an o-heteroarylene group, X denotes O or S, and n denotes 1 or 2, provided that of two or more R
2
s present in the compound, at least one denotes an alkyl group, an aryl group, or a halogen atom.
CATALYST FOR OLEFIN POLYMERIZATION AND METHOD OF PREPARATION THEREOF
申请人:Wang Licai
公开号:US20110301385A1
公开(公告)日:2011-12-08
A catalyst for olefin polymerization and method of preparing the same are disclosed.
揭示了一种烯烃聚合的催化剂及其制备方法。
[EN] NITRILE COMPOUND AND ITS USE IN PEST CONTROL<br/>[FR] COMPOSE NITRILE ET SON UTILISATION POUR LE CONTROLE DES INSECTES ET ANIMAUX NUISIBLES
申请人:SUMITOMO CHEMICAL CO
公开号:WO2005063694A1
公开(公告)日:2005-07-14
The present invention provides a nitrile compound represented by the formula (I): wherein R represents C1-C4 fluoroalkyl, Q represents halogen, C1-C11 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, C2-C6 alkenyl group optionally substituted with halogen, C2-C6 alkynyl optionally substituted with halogen, C3-C7 cycloalkyl optionally substituted with halogen or (C3-C7 cycloalkyl optionally substituted with halogen)C1-C4 alkyl, which has excellent control effect against pests.
Process for the preparation of olmesartan medoxomil
申请人:KRKA, tovarna zdravil, d.d., Novo mesto
公开号:EP1816131A1
公开(公告)日:2007-08-08
The present invenion relates to an improved process for the manufacture of olmesartan and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof as an active ingredient of a medicament for the treatment of hypertension and related diseases and conditions.