maculans, has been synthesized as the enantiomeric form starting from (S)‐2‐methylbutanol (4). Surugapyrone B (3) isolated from Streptmyces sp. USF‐6280 as an antioxidant has also been synthesized as a natural form. The absolute configuration of phomapyrone B (1) was estimated to be the (R)‐form and that of surugapyrone B (3) being the (S)‐form. A series of 2‐pyrone derivatives 17 have been synthesized through