土霉素 | 79-57-2

• 物质功能分类: 原料药 - 抗生素类药物 - 四环素类药
• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 苯丙烷和聚酮 - 四环素类
• 中文名称: 土霉素
• 中文别名: 地霉素；氧四环素；4-二甲氨基-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-八氢-3,5,6,10,12,12a-六羟基-6-甲基-1,11-二氧代-并四苯-2-甲酰胺
• 英文名称: Oxytetracycline
• CAS: 79-57-2
• 化学式: C₂₂H₂₄N₂O₉
• 分子量: 460.441
• InChiKey: IWVCMVBTMGNXQD-PXOLEDIWSA-N

物化性质

• 熔点：
  183 °C
• 比旋光度：
  -223 º (c=1 0.03N HCl)
• 沸点：
  565.29°C (rough estimate)
• 密度：
  1.6340
• 溶解度：
  微溶于水溶液，浓度为0.6mg/mL
• LogP：
  -0.900
• 稳定性/保质期：
  与强氧化剂、强碱、强酸、胺类及铜反应。

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -1.24
• 重原子数：
  33.0
• 可旋转键数：
  2.0
• 环数：
  4.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.41
• 拓扑面积：
  201.85
• 氢给体数：
  7.0
• 氢受体数：
  10.0

安全信息

• TSCA：
  Yes
• 危险品标志：
  Xn
• 安全说明：
  S22,S24/25,S26,S36/37/39
• 危险类别码：
  R36,R63
• WGK Germany：
  2
• 海关编码：
  30029090
• 危险品运输编号：
  NONH for all modes of transport
• RTECS号：
  QI7875000
• 储存条件：
  储存于阴凉、通风的库房中。远离火种、热源，确保容器密封。应与氧化剂、酸类、碱类等分开存放，切忌混储。使用防爆型照明和通风设施，并禁止使用易产生火花的机械设备和工具。储区应配备泄漏应急处理设备和合适的收容材料。

SDS

Name:	Oxytetracycline Material Safety Data Sheet
Synonym:	Hydrocyclin; Tetramine; Tetran Hydrochloride; Tetramycin Hydrochloride
CAS:	79-57-2

Section 1 - Chemical Product MSDS Name:Oxytetracycline Material Safety Data Sheet
Synonym:Hydrocyclin; Tetramine; Tetran Hydrochloride; Tetramycin Hydrochloride

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Section 2 - COMPOSITION, INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS

CAS#	Chemical Name	content	EINECS#
79-57-2	Oxytetracycline	100	201-212-8

Hazard Symbols: XN
Risk Phrases: 63

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Section 3 - HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION
EMERGENCY OVERVIEW
Possible risk of harm to the unborn child.Light sensitive.
Potential Health Effects
Eye:
May cause eye irritation and possible burns.
Skin:
May cause skin irritation.
Ingestion:
May cause gastrointestinal irritation with nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. May cause an anticoagulant effect in the blood.
Inhalation:
Dust is irritating to the respiratory tract. May cause respiratory tract irritation.
Chronic:
May cause reproductive and fetal effects. Chronic exposure may cause blood effects.

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Section 4 - FIRST AID MEASURES
Eyes: Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Get medical aid.
Skin:
Get medical aid. Flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Wash clothing before reuse.
Ingestion:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Get medical aid immediately. Do NOT induce vomiting. If conscious and alert, rinse mouth and drink 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water.
Inhalation:
Get medical aid immediately. Remove from exposure and move to fresh air immediately. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen.
Notes to Physician:

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Section 5 - FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES
General Information:
As in any fire, wear a self-contained breathing apparatus in pressure-demand, MSHA/NIOSH (approved or equivalent), and full protective gear. During a fire, irritating and highly toxic gases may be generated by thermal decomposition or combustion. Substance is noncombustible. Vapors may be heavier than air. They can spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas.
Extinguishing Media:
In case of fire, use water, dry chemical, chemical foam, or alcohol-resistant foam.

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Section 6 - ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
General Information: Use proper personal protective equipment as indicated in Section 8.
Spills/Leaks:
Clean up spills immediately, observing precautions in the Protective Equipment section. Sweep up, then place into a suitable container for disposal. Avoid generating dusty conditions. Provide ventilation. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift.

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Section 7 - HANDLING and STORAGE
Handling:
Wash thoroughly after handling. Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse. Use only in a well-ventilated area. Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing. Avoid ingestion and inhalation. Store protected from light.
Storage:
Store in a cool, dry place. Do not store in direct sunlight. Keep from freezing. Keep container closed when not in use. Store below 40C.

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Section 8 - EXPOSURE CONTROLS, PERSONAL PROTECTION
Engineering Controls:
Use adequate general or local exhaust ventilation to keep airborne concentrations below the permissible exposure limits. Use process enclosure, local exhaust ventilation, or other engineering controls to control airborne levels.
Exposure Limits CAS# 79-57-2: Russia: 0.1 mg/m3 TWA Personal Protective Equipment Eyes: Wear appropriate protective eyeglasses or chemical safety goggles as described by OSHA's eye and face protection regulations in 29 CFR 1910.133 or European Standard EN166.
Skin:
Wear appropriate gloves to prevent skin exposure.
Clothing:
Wear appropriate protective clothing to minimize contact with skin.
Respirators:
Wear a NIOSH/MSHA or European Standard EN 149 approved full-facepiece airline respirator in the positive pressure mode with emergency escape provisions. A NIOSH/MSHA approved air purifying dust or mist respirator or European Standard EN 149.

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Section 9 - PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Physical State: Crystalline powder
Color: pale yellow to tan
Odor: None reported.
pH: 6.5 approx.
Vapor Pressure: Negligible.
Viscosity: Negligible.
Boiling Point: Decomposes
Freezing/Melting Point: 183 deg C dec
Autoignition Temperature: Not available.
Flash Point: Not available.
Explosion Limits, lower: N/A
Explosion Limits, upper: N/A
Decomposition Temperature: > 183 deg C
Solubility in water: Slightly soluble.
Specific Gravity/Density: 1.634@ 20C
Molecular Formula: C22H24N2O9
Molecular Weight: 460.39

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Section 10 - STABILITY AND REACTIVITY
Chemical Stability:
Stable under normal temperatures and pressures. Darkens and decomposes on exposure to light.
Conditions to Avoid:
Incompatible materials, light, acids, strong oxidants.
Incompatibilities with Other Materials:
Acidic conditions, strong oxidizing agents.
Hazardous Decomposition Products:
Nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, irritating and toxic fumes and gases, carbon dioxide, nitrogen.
Hazardous Polymerization: Has not been reported.

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Section 11 - TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
RTECS#:
CAS# 79-57-2: QI7875000 LD50/LC50:
CAS# 79-57-2: Oral, mouse: LD50 = 2240 mg/kg; Oral, mouse: LD50 = 5706 mg/kg; Oral, rat: LD50 = 4800 mg/kg; Oral, rat: LD50 = 5063 mg/kg.
Carcinogenicity:
Oxytetracycline - Not listed by ACGIH, IARC, or NTP.
Other:
See actual entry in RTECS for complete information.

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Section 12 - ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION

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Section 13 - DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS
Dispose of in a manner consistent with federal, state, and local regulations.

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Section 14 - TRANSPORT INFORMATION

IATA
Not regulated as a hazardous material.
IMO
Not regulated as a hazardous material.
RID/ADR
Not regulated as a hazardous material.

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Section 15 - REGULATORY INFORMATION

European/International Regulations
European Labeling in Accordance with EC Directives
Hazard Symbols: XN
Risk Phrases:
R 63 Possible risk of harm to the unborn child.
Safety Phrases:
S 36/37 Wear suitable protective clothing and
gloves.
S 45 In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek
medical advice immediately (show the label where
possible).
WGK (Water Danger/Protection)
CAS# 79-57-2: No information available.
Canada
CAS# 79-57-2 is listed on Canada's DSL List.
CAS# 79-57-2 is not listed on Canada's Ingredient Disclosure List.
US FEDERAL
TSCA
CAS# 79-57-2 is listed on the TSCA inventory.

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SECTION 16 - ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
N/A

制备方法与用途

土霉素简介

土霉素为淡黄色片或结晶或无定形粉末，属于四环素类药物，可用于治疗立克次体病、支原体属感染和衣原体属感染等疾病。

适应症

土霉素主要用于防治畜禽大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌感染（如犊牛白痢、羔羊痢疾、仔猪黄白痢、幼畜副伤寒等）、巴氏杆菌、布氏杆菌感染及猪喘气病、鸡慢性呼吸道病；也常用于治疗狗的立克次氏体病、猫的传染性贫血，预防狗的衣原体病和钩端螺旋体病；局部用于坏死杆菌引起的子宫内膜炎及组织坏死等；土霉素作为饲料添加剂使用，具有促进生长和提高饲料转化率的作用。

化学性质

淡黄色结晶性粉末。熔点182-184℃（分解）。微溶于乙醇，极微溶于水。在空气中稳定，遇光颜色渐暗，在碱性溶液中易破坏。吸附在碳酸钙中的制剂为黄褐色干燥粉末。盐酸盐为黄色结晶粉末，无臭，味微苦。熔点190-194℃，在室温下长期保存不变质，不失效。易溶于水和甲醇，略溶于乙醇，不溶于氯仿、乙醚。其水溶液在酸性条件下稳定，碱性条件下不稳定。

用途

土霉素对革兰阳性菌和阴性菌均有抑制作用，也作为促进生长剂使用。用于2月龄以下的猪饲料，用量为15-50g/t；用于4月龄以下的猪饲料，用量为10-20g/t；用于鸡饲料，用量为5.0-50g/t，产蛋期禁用，停药期为7天。

土霉素的抗菌谱、抗菌原理与四环素基本相同。细菌对四环素、土霉素与金霉素之间存在交叉耐药性。该品对肠道感染（包括阿米巴痢疾）的疗效较金霉素和四环素略好，其他适应症与四环素相同。

生产方法

土霉素是由龟裂状链丝菌的培养液中提取的广谱抗生素。由龟裂链霉菌（Streptomyces rimosus）发酵产生，在发酵液中加入碳酸钙，经过滤，将固体干燥而得。

类别与毒性分级 类别

农药

毒性分级

中毒

急性毒性

口服-大鼠 LD50: 4800毫克/公斤；口服-小鼠 LD50: 2240毫克/公斤

可燃性危险特性

可燃，火场排出氮氧化物、辛辣刺激烟雾

储运特性

库房低温、通风、干燥

灭火剂

水、二氧化碳、干粉、砂土

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  土霉素 在 溶剂黄146 作用下， 生成 4-差向土霉素
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Studies of the Reversible Epimerization Occurring in the Tetracycline Family. The Preparation, Properties and Proof of Structure of Some 4-epi-Tetracyclines

  摘要：

  DOI：

  10.1021/ja01568a050
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  四环素 在 laccase from Pycnoporus sp. SYBC-L₁₀ 、 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt 作用下， 以 aq. phosphate buffer 为溶剂， 反应 0.07h， 生成 土霉素
  参考文献：
  名称：

  碧萝op（Pycnoporus sp。）强大的冷适应和热稳定的漆酶的表征。SYBC-L10具有很强的通过漆酶介导的氧化降解四环素和土霉素的能力。

  摘要：

  天然漆酶（Lac-Q）具有强大的冷适应性和热稳定性，该特性来自于白腐真菌Pycnoporus sp.。SYBC-L10经过纯化，表征并用于抗生素治疗。降解实验表明，在0°C（pH 6.0）。Mn2 +离子的存在抑制了Lac-Q-ABTS系统对四环素和土霉素的去除率，Al3 +，Cu2 +和Fe3 +的存在加快了Lac-Q-ABTS系统对四环素和土霉素的去除率。此外，对枯草芽孢杆菌SYBC hb4和E的生长抑制。四环素抗生素对大肠埃希菌的抑制作用表明，用Lac-Q-ABTS系统处理后，抗菌活性显着降低。最后，在Lac-Q介导的氧化过程中，使用UPLC-MS / MS鉴定了七个土霉素的转化产物（即TP 445，TP 431，TP 413，TP 399，TP 381，TP 367和TP 351）。提出了可能的降解途径，包括脱氨，脱甲基和脱水。这些结果表明，Lac-Q-ABTS系统在各种温度下显示

  DOI：

  10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121084

文献信息

• [EN] ACC INHIBITORS AND USES THEREOF<br/>[FR] INHIBITEURS DE L'ACC ET UTILISATIONS ASSOCIÉES
  申请人：GILEAD APOLLO LLC

  公开号：WO2017075056A1

  公开（公告）日：2017-05-04

  The present invention provides compounds I and II useful as inhibitors of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase (ACC), compositions thereof, and methods of using the same.

  本发明提供了化合物I和II，这些化合物可用作乙酰辅酶A羧化酶（ACC）的抑制剂，以及它们的组合物和使用方法。
• [EN] BICYCLYL-SUBSTITUTED ISOTHIAZOLINE COMPOUNDS<br/>[FR] COMPOSÉS ISOTHIAZOLINE SUBSTITUÉS PAR UN BICYCLYLE
  申请人：BASF SE

  公开号：WO2014206910A1

  公开（公告）日：2014-12-31

  The present invention relates to bicyclyl-substituted isothiazoline compounds of formula (I) wherein the variables are as defined in the claims and description. The compounds are useful for combating or controlling invertebrate pests, in particular arthropod pests and nematodes. The invention also relates to a method for controlling invertebrate pests by using these compounds and to plant propagation material and to an agricultural and a veterinary composition comprising said compounds.

  本发明涉及公式（I）中变量如索权和说明中所定义的自行车基取代异噻唑啉化合物。这些化合物对抗或控制无脊椎动物害虫，特别是节肢动物害虫和线虫方面具有用途。该发明还涉及一种通过使用这些化合物来控制无脊椎动物害虫的方法，以及包含所述化合物的植物繁殖材料、农业和兽医组合物。
• [EN] AZOLINE COMPOUNDS<br/>[FR] COMPOSÉS AZOLINE
  申请人：BASF SE

  公开号：WO2015128358A1

  公开（公告）日：2015-09-03

  The present invention relates to azoline compounds of formula (I) wherein A, B1, B2, B3, G1, G2, X1, R1, R3a, R3b, Rg1 and Rg2 are as defined in the claims and the description. The compounds are useful for combating or controlling invertebrate pests, in particular arthropod pests and nematodes. The invention also relates to a method for controlling invertebrate pests by using these compounds and to plant propagation material and to an agricultural and a veterinary composition comprising said compounds.

  本发明涉及式（I）的噁唑啉化合物，其中A、B1、B2、B3、G1、G2、X1、R1、R3a、R3b、Rg1和Rg2如权利要求和描述中所定义。这些化合物对抗或控制无脊椎动物害虫，特别是节肢动物害虫和线虫方面具有用途。该发明还涉及一种利用这些化合物控制无脊椎动物害虫的方法，以及包括所述化合物的植物繁殖材料、农业和兽医组合物。
• [EN] MICROBIOCIDAL OXADIAZOLE DERIVATIVES<br/>[FR] DÉRIVÉS D'OXADIAZOLE MICROBIOCIDES
  申请人：SYNGENTA PARTICIPATIONS AG

  公开号：WO2017157962A1

  公开（公告）日：2017-09-21

  Compounds of the formula (I) wherein the substituents are as defined in claim 1, useful as a pesticides, especially fungicides.

  式(I)的化合物，其中取代基如权利要求1所定义，作为杀虫剂特别是杀菌剂有用。
• [EN] PHOSPHODIESTERASE INHIBITORS<br/>[FR] INHIBITEURS DE PHOSPHODIESTÉRASE
  申请人：US GOV HEALTH & HUMAN SERV

  公开号：WO2009089027A1

  公开（公告）日：2009-07-16

  The invention relates to compounds of formula I useful for inhibiting phosphodiesterase-4.

  这项发明涉及到公式I的化合物，用于抑制磷酸二酯酶-4。