槟榔碱 | 18513-76-3

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 生物碱及其衍生物
• 中文名称: 槟榔碱
• 英文名称: guvacine ethyl ester
• 英文别名: Ethyl 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine-3-carboxylate；ethyl 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-5-carboxylate
• CAS: 18513-76-3
• 化学式: C₈H₁₃NO₂
• mdl: MFCD04108094
• 分子量: 155.197
• InChiKey: DBJSKLKTQJMDTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

物化性质

• 沸点：
  116 °C(Press: 19 Torr)
• 密度：
  1.049±0.06 g/cm3(Predicted)
• 保留指数：
  1324.5

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  0.4
• 重原子数：
  11
• 可旋转键数：
  3
• 环数：
  1.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.625
• 拓扑面积：
  38.3
• 氢给体数：
  1
• 氢受体数：
  3

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  槟榔碱 在 sodium hydroxide 、 potassium carbonate 、 potassium iodide 作用下， 以 乙醇 、 丙酮 为溶剂， 反应 48.0h， 生成 1-[(E)-4-(2,4-Dichloro-phenyl)-4-(3-methyl-thiophen-2-yl)-but-3-enyl]-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-pyridine-3-carboxylic acid
  参考文献：
  名称：

  The synthesis of novel GABA uptake inhibitors. 1. Elucidation of the structure-activity studies leading to the choice of (R)-1-[4,4-bis(3-methyl-2-thienyl)-3-butenyl]-3-piperidinecarboxylic acid (Tiagabine) as an anticonvulsant drug candidate

  摘要：

  A series of different synthetic approaches to novel GABA uptake inhibitors are described, leading to examples which are derivatives of nipecotic acid and guvacine, substituted at nitrogen by 4,4-diaryl-3-butenyl or 2-(diphenylmethoxy)ethyl moieties. The in vitro value for inhibition of [H-3]-GABA uptake in rat synaptosomes was determined for each compound. It was found that the most potent examples are those having a substituent in an ''ortho'' position in one or both aromatic/heteroaromatic groups. The majority of the compounds described are structurally related to tiagabine, (R)-1-[4,4-bis(3-methyl-2-thienyl)-3-butenyl]-3-piperidinecarboxylic acid hydrochloride (NNC 05-0328) and some of the reasoning behind the selection of this compound as a drug candidate is summarized.

  DOI：

  10.1021/jm00064a005
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  乙醇 、 alkaline earth salt of/the/ methylsulfuric acid 在 盐酸 作用下， 生成 槟榔碱
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Hess; Leibbrandt, Chemische Berichte, 1918, vol. 51, p. 819

  摘要：

  DOI：

文献信息

• Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of Substituted Triarylnipecotic Acid Derivatives as GABA Uptake Inhibitors: Identification of a Ligand with Moderate Affinity and Selectivity for the Cloned Human GABA Transporter GAT-3
  作者：T. G. Murali Dhar、Laurence A. Borden、Sriram Tyagarajan、Kelli E. Smith、Theresa A. Branchek、Richard L. Weinshank、Charles Gluchowski

  DOI：10.1021/jm00041a012

  日期：1994.7

  exhibit high affinity and selectivity for GAT-1. In the present paper we describe the design and synthesis of a novel series of triarylnipecotic acid derivatives for evaluation as GABA uptake inhibitors. The design lead for this series of compounds was the nonselective GABA uptake inhibitor EGYT-3886, [(-)-2-phenyl-2-[(dimethylamino)ethoxy]-(1R)- 1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptane]. From this series of

  γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）是哺乳动物中枢神经系统中的主要抑制性神经递质。分子生物学揭示了大脑中存在四种高亲和力GABA转运蛋白，即GAT-1，GAT-2，GAT-3和BGT-1，后者转运GABA和渗透压甜菜碱。我们已经表明，已知的GABA吸收抑制剂，例如SK＆F 89976-A，CI-966和替加宾对TiTabine具有高亲和力和对GAT-1的选择性。在本文中，我们描述了一系列新的三芳基庚酸衍生物的设计和合成，以评估其作为GABA摄取抑制剂。该系列化合物的设计先导是非选择性GABA吸收抑制剂EGYT-3886，[（-）-2-苯基-2-[（二甲基氨基）乙氧基]-（1R）-1,7,7-三甲基双环[2.2]。 1]庚烷]。来自该系列化合物（S）-1- [2- [三（4-甲氧基苯基）甲氧基]乙基] -3-哌啶甲酸+（S）-1- [2- [三（4-甲氧基苯基）甲氧基]乙基] -3-哌啶羧酸+++酸4（
• [EN] DIHYDROPYRAZOLOPYRIDINE COMPOUNDS<br/>[FR] COMPOSES DE DIHYDROPYRAZOLOPYRIDINE
  申请人：MITSUBISHI PHARMA CORP

  公开号：WO2004014910A1

  公开（公告）日：2004-02-19

  The present invention provides dihydropyrazolopyridine compounds represented by the formula (I):wherein each symbol is as defined in the specification, optically active forms thereof, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof and hydrates thereof. The compounds of the present invention show a selective and strong inhibitory activity on glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β), and are useful as medicaments for prevention and/or treatment of diabetes, diabetic complications and neurodegenerative diseases or as immunopotentiators.

  本发明提供了由式(I)表示的二氢吡唑吡啶化合物，其中每个符号如规范中定义，其光学活性形式，以及其药学上可接受的盐和水合物。本发明的化合物显示出对糖原合成酶激酶-3β（GSK-3β）的选择性和强烈的抑制活性，并可用作预防和/或治疗糖尿病、糖尿病并发症和神经退行性疾病或免疫增强剂的药物。
• Synthesis of Novel γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Uptake Inhibitors. 5. Preparation and Structure−Activity Studies of Tricyclic Analogues of Known GABA Uptake Inhibitors
  作者：Knud Erik Andersen、Jan L. Sørensen、Jesper Lau、Behrend F. Lundt、Hans Petersen、Per O. Huusfeldt、Peter D. Suzdak、Michael D. B. Swedberg

  DOI：10.1021/jm990513k

  日期：2001.6.1

  On the basis of the SAR of a series of known gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) uptake inhibitors, including 4 (SKF 89976), new tricyclic analogues have been prepared. These novel compounds are derivatives of nipecotic acid, guvacine, and homo-beta-proline, substituted at the nitrogen of these amino acids by various lipophilic moieties such as (10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenz[b,f]azepin-5-yl)alkoxyalkyl or (10

  基于一系列已知的γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）摄取抑制剂（包括4种（SKF 89976））的SAR，已制备了新的三环类似物。这些新颖的化合物是乳香酸，番石榴碱和高β-脯氨酸的衍生物，在这些氨基酸的氮上被各种亲脂性部分所取代，例如（10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenz [b，f] azepin-5 -基）烷氧基烷基或（10,11-二氢-5H-二苯并[a，d]环庚基-5-亚烷基）烷氧基烷基。确定了该新系列中每种化合物抑制大鼠突触小体中[（3）H] -GABA吸收的体外值，并且发现几种新型化合物显示出与参考化合物相当的高效价4、5（替加滨）和6（CI-966）。还评估了几种新型化合物的体内抑制15 mg / kg（ip）剂量的6,7-二甲氧基-4-乙基-β-咔啉-3-羧酸甲酯（DMCM）诱发的阵挛性癫痫发作的能力。 。一种化合物是（R）-1-（2-（2-（2-（10,11-二氢-5H-二苯并[b，f]
• Synthesis of Novel GABA Uptake Inhibitors. 3. Diaryloxime and Diarylvinyl Ether Derivatives of Nipecotic Acid and Guvacine as Anticonvulsant Agents
  作者：Lars J. S. Knutsen、Knud Erik Andersen、Jesper Lau、Behrend F. Lundt、Rodger F. Henry、Howard E. Morton、Lars Nærum、Hans Petersen、Henrik Stephensen、Peter D. Suzdak、Michael D. B. Swedberg、Christian Thomsen、Per O. Sørensen

  DOI：10.1021/jm981027k

  日期：1999.9.1

  (3R)-1-[4,4-bis(3-methyl-2-thienyl)-3-buteny] acid 1(tiagabine, Gabitril) is a potent and selective gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) uptake inhibitor with proven anticonvulsant efficacy in humans. This drug, which has a unique mechanism of action among marketed anticonvulsant agents, has been launched for add-on treatment of partial seizures with or without secondary generalization in patients > 12 years of age. Using this new agent as a benchmark, we have designed two series of novel GABA uptake inhibitors of remarkable potency, using a putative new model of ligand interaction at the GABA transporter type 1 (GAT-1) uptake site. This model involves the postulated interaction of an electronegative region in the CABA uptake inhibitor with a positively charged domain in the protein structure of the GAT-1 site. These two novel series of anticonvulsant agents contain diaryloxime or diarylvinyl ether functionalities linked to cyclic amino acid moieties and were derived utilizing the new model, via a series of design steps from the known 4,4-diarylbutenyl GABA uptake inhibitors. The new compounds are potent inhibitors of [H-3]-GABA uptake in rat brain synaptosomes in vitro, and their antiepileptic potential was demonstrated in vivo by their ability to protect against seizures induced by the benzodiazepine receptor inverse agonist methyl 4-ethyl-6,7-dimethoxy-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate (DMCM) in mice. From structure-activity studies of these new GABA uptake inhibitors, we have shown that insertion of an ether oxygen in conjugation with the double bond in tiagabine (K-i = 67 nM) improves in vitro potency by 5-fold to 14 nM.

  (3R)-1-[4,4-双(3-甲基-2-噻吩基)-3-丁炔基]乙酸（丙戊酸钠，商品名：Gabitril）是一种强效且选择性的γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）摄取抑制剂，在人类中已被证实具有抗惊厥效果。这种药物在已上市的抗惊厥药物中具有独特的作用机制，目前已被批准用于12岁以上患者的部分性癫痫发作的辅助治疗，无论是否伴有继发性全面性发作。 以此新型药物作为参考，我们设计了两个系列的新型GABA摄取抑制剂，这些抑制剂展现出显著的 potency。我们采用了GABA转运蛋白类型1（GAT-1）摄取位点上的一种新型配体相互作用模型。该模型假设GABA摄取抑制剂中的一个带负电的区域与GAT-1位点蛋白质结构中的一个带正电的区域发生相互作用。 这两个系列的新型抗癫痫药物包含 diaryloxime 或 diarylvinyl醚功能基团，并与环状氨基酸部分相连。它们是从已知的4,4-二芳基-1-丁烯基GABA摄取抑制剂出发，利用新模型并通过一系列设计步骤衍生而来的。 实验表明，这些新化合物在体外对大鼠脑突触体中的[H-3]-GABA摄取表现出强效抑制作用，且在体内通过保护小鼠免受苯二氮卓受体反向激动剂——甲基4-乙基-6,7-二甲氧基-β-咔啉-3-羧酸酯（DMCM）引起的癫痫发作，进一步证明了它们的抗癫痫潜力。 通过这些新型GABA摄取抑制剂的构效关系研究，我们发现：在丙戊酸钠的骨架中引入与双键共轭的醚氧键（Ki = 67 nM）可使体外活性提高5倍，达到14 nM的效力。
• Reduktion von Aminocarbons�ureestern zu Aminoalkoholen. Konfigurationsbeweis f�rL(?)-Prolin
  作者：P. Karrer、P. Portmann

  DOI：10.1002/hlca.19480310725

  日期：——

  Durch Reduktion mit Aluminium-lithium-hydrid wurde aus Arecolin l-Methyl-3-oxymethyl-tetrahydro-pyridin, aus Guvacinäthylester 3-Oxymethyl-tetrahydropyridin, aus L-Glutaminsäureester L-2-Aminopentandiol-(1,5) und aus L-Pyrrolidon-carbonsäureester L-2-Oxymethyl-pyrrolidin erhalten. Die letztgenannte Verbindung (L-2-Oxymethyl-pyrrolidin) erwies sich identisch mit der früher aus L-(−)-Prolinester erhaltenen

  Durch Reduktion mit Aluminium-lithium hydride wusde Arecolin 1-甲基-3-氧甲基-四氢吡啶吡咯烷酮-碳酸酯，L-2-氧甲基-吡咯烷醇酯。D-letztgenannte Verbindung（L-2-Oxymethyl-pyrrolidin）可以帮助您识别L-（-）-Prolinester erhaltenen Verbindung。Dadurch wird bewiesen，dass L-（+）-谷氨酰胺和（-）-Prolin柴油机L-Konfiguration besitzen。