N-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine appears as a yellow powder. Melting point 244°F. Decomposes above 212°F. A suspected carcinogen. Extremely hazardous as a mutagen. Avoid skin contact and inhalation of of vapors. Usually stored frozen (below 32°F) in polyethylene bottles that are tightly closed and contained in a metal can. May decomposed during prolonged storage and develop sufficient pressure in a closed container to explode. Keep away from heat, sparks, and open flame.
颜色/状态：
Crystals from methanol
蒸汽压力：
1.20X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C (est)
亨利常数：
Henry's Law constant = 1.22X10-12 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)
稳定性/保质期：
Pure compound is sensitive to light, changing to orange and green colors. Degradation products arising from prolonged or inadequate storage include N-methyl-N'-nitroguanidine, N-nitroguanidine, nitrocyanamide and guanidine. N-Methyl-N'-nitro-n-nitroso-guanidine (MNNG) is more stable than comparable alkyl-nitrosoureas and alkylnitrosourethanes. Thus, at room temp, the half life at ph 8 is about 200 hr. At ph 7.0 (phosphate buffer) and 37 °C, the half life is 170 hr. ... /It was shown that/ tap water decomposes MNNG much more rapidly than does deionized water.
分解：
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions - Carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides (NOx).
After oral administration of MNNG about 90% is excreted in the urine, mostly as N-methyl-N'-nitro-guanidine, in the first 9 hr. There is evidence that denitrosation of MNNG is effected by enzymes occurring in the stomach, liver and kidney. ...
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: N-Methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) is a solid. It is used experimentally as a carcinogen and mutagen. It was formerly used in preparation of diazomethane. HUMAN STUDIES: MNNG can induce DNA damages and many cellular defensive events, such as DNA repair, G2/M-phase arrest and apoptosis. Noticeably, diverse cellular responses were observed to occur following MNNG treatment, including nontargeted mutations at undamaged DNA bases, endoplasmic reticulum stress induction and the activation of several signal transduction pathways. ANIMAL STUDIES: Tumors of the forestomach or glandular stomach were observed in rats exposed to MNNG in the drinking water, by stomach tube, and by ip injection; in mice exposed by stomach tube; and in male hamsters and dogs exposed via the drinking water. MNNG also caused tumors of the large intestine in rats exposed by intrarectal instillation. MNNG caused tumors of the small intestine in rats exposed via the drinking water, sc injection, or ip injection and in mice exposed by ip injection. In addition, MNNG caused tumors of the liver and peritoneum in rats exposed orally (by stomach tube or drinking water) and injection-site tumors (fibrosarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma) in rats exposed by sc injection. In mice, MNNG administered by sc injection caused benign tumors of the liver, lung, and blood vessels (hemangoendothelioma) and by dermal application caused benign and malignant skin tumors (papilloma and carcinoma). MNNG is a potent inducer of cellular stress leading to chromosomal aberrations, point mutations, and cell killing. A high frequency of mutation was induced in O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase-/- cells on exposure to a relatively low dose of MNNG.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
致癌性证据
人类致癌性证据不足。动物致癌性证据充分。总体评估：2A组：该物质很可能对人类致癌。
Inadequate evidence of carcinogenicity in humans. Sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in animals. OVERALL EVALUATION: Group 2A: The agent is probably carcinogenic to humans.
N-Methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in experimental animals.
Following an oral dose of (14)C-labeled N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, most of the radioactivity was excreted in the urine within 24 hrs and less than 3 percent in the feces. Less than 3 percent of the radioactivity remained in the body as acid-insoluble materials at 24 to 48 hrs.
