Chloroacetonitrile appears as a colorless liquid with a pungent odor. Flash point 118°F. Insoluble in water and denser than water. Hence, sinks in water. Very toxic by ingestion, inhalation and skin absorption. A lachrymator. Used to make other chemicals and as a fumigant.
颜色/状态:
Colorless liquid
气味:
Pungent odor
蒸汽密度:
2.61 (Air = 1)
蒸汽压力:
8 mm Hg at 20 °C
分解:
When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of /chlorides, nitrogen oxides, and cyanides/.
Approximately 14% of a single oral dose to rats of 57 mg/kg body weight of chloroacetonitrile was excreted in urine within 24 hours as thiocyanate, the product of released cyanide metabolized by rhodanese.
Haloacetonitriles, contaminants present in chlorinated drinking water, were administered orally to rats, and the urinary excretion of thiocyanate was measured as an index of cyanide release. The urinary excretion of thiocyanate accounted for 14.2% of the dose of monochloroacetonitrile ...
Evaluation: No epidemiological data relevant to the carcinogenicity of chloroacetonitrile were available. There is inadequate evidence for the carcinogenicity of chloroacetonitrile in experimental animals. Overall evaluation: Chloroacetonitrile is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans (Group 3).
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
致癌物分类
国际癌症研究机构致癌物:氯乙腈
IARC Carcinogenic Agent:Chloroacetonitrile
来源:International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
毒理性
致癌物分类
国际癌症研究机构(IARC)致癌物分类:第3组:无法归类其对人类致癌性
IARC Carcinogenic Classes:Group 3: Not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans
来源:International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
... Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with a tracer dose of 2-(14)C-/chloroacetonitirile (CAN)/ (i.v., 88 muCi/kg, spec. act 4.07 mCi/mM). At various time intervals (0.08, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hr) after treatment, rats were processed for WBA, /whole body autoradiography/. Over 12 hr after administration, the radioactivity excreted in urine, feces, and exhaled as (14)CO2 accounted for 51%, 2.7%, and 12% of the dose, respectively. Only 0.8% of the administered dose was exhaled as unchanged CAN. At an early time interval (5 min) extensive accumulation of radioactivity was observed in liver, kidney, and gastrointestinal (G.I.) walls. In addition, high levels of (14)C were detected in the thyroid gland, lung bronchioles, adrenal cortex, salivary gland, and testes. At 1 hr following administration, the olfactory bulb, olfactory receptor area of the brain and lumbar cistern showed high accumulations of radioactive CAN or its equivalents. At 3, 6, and 12 hr after treatment, the radioactivity diffused homogeneously in all tissues and reconcentrated in several organs at later time periods (24 and 48 hr). ... The retention of radioactivity in the tissues of the thyroid gland, G.I., testes, brain and eye suggest that those organs are potential target sites of CAN toxicity.
... /Investigators sought to/ understand the potential mechanisms involved in such molecular interactions by examining the disposition, transplacental uptake and covalent interaction of the chemical in normal and GSH depleted pregnant mice (at 13th day of gestation). Both normal and GSH depleted (by administration of Diethylmaleate (DEM), 0.6 mL/kg, i.p.) pregnant mice were given an equitoxic i.v. dose of 2-(14)C-CAN (333 uCi/kg equivalent to 77 mg/kg). Animals were processed for whole-body autoradiography (WBA) at 1, 8 and 24 hr after treatment. Tissue distribution of radioactivity in the autoradiographs was quantitated using computer aided image analysis. With few exceptions, a rapid high uptake (at 1 hr) of radioactivity was observed in all major maternal (liver, lung, urinary bladder, gastrointestinal mucosa, cerebellum, uterine luminal fluid) and fetal (liver, brain) organs of both normal and GSH depleted mice. This pattern of distribution was observed, with lesser intensity, at 8 hr following treatment. At a later time period (24 hr), there was a significant higher retention and covalent interaction of radioactivity in GSH depleted mouse tissues especially in the liver as compared to normal mouse. This study suggests that 2-(14)C-CAN and/or its metabolites are capable of crossing the placental barrier. The observed higher uptake and retention of the radioactivity in the maternal liver, kidney, cerebellum, nasal turbinates and fetal liver may pose toxicity of the chemical to these organs. The increased covalent interaction of radioactivty in GSH depleted mice liver may indicate the potential utilization of GSH pathway by this organ in the detoxication of CAN derived metabolites and thus exerting hepatotoxicity.
The sulphur- and oxygen-containing diaryl compounds of the formula: ##STR1## in which A and B, which may be the same or different, represent O, S, SO or SO.sub.2, Alk is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 hydrocarbon radical with a straight or branched chain, R represents COOH, an esterified COOH group, a carboxylic amide group, OH, O-SO.sub.2 CH.sub.3, NH.sub.2, NHR.sub.1, NR.sub.1 R.sub.2, NHZOH, NHZNR.sub.1 R.sub.2, C(.dbd.NH)NH.sub.2, C(.dbd.NH)NHOH or 2-.DELTA..sup.2 -imidazolinyl, Z is a C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 hydrocarbon radical with a straight or branched chain, and R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each represent a C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 lower alkyl group, or together form, with the nitrogen atom to which they are linked, a N-heterocyclic group of 5 to 7 ring atoms which can be substituted and can comprise a second hetero-atom, and their addition salts with bases when R is COOH, and their addition salts with acids when R is a basic radical, are useful pharmacological agents in the treatment of circulatory complaints such as cardio-vascular illnesses.
[EN] METHODS OF TREATMENT OF AMYLOIDOSIS USING ASPARTYL-PROTEASE INIHIBITORS<br/>[FR] PROCEDES DE TRAITEMENT D'AMYLOIDOSE UTILISANT DES INHIBITEURS DE PROTEASE ASPARTYLE
申请人:ELAN PHARM INC
公开号:WO2005070407A1
公开(公告)日:2005-08-04
The invention relates to acetyl 2-hydroxy-1,3-diaminospirocyclohexanes and derivatives thereof that are useful in treating diseases, disorders, and conditions associated with amyloidosis. Amyloidosis refers to a collection of diseases, disorders, and conditions associated with abnormal deposition of A-beta protein.
Design, synthesis, and biological activity studies of a new class of sulfonated aurones: First synthesis of acidoaurone isolated from<scp><i>Phyllanthus acidus</i></scp>
comparison with their corresponding natural aurones. Ring-B sulfonated aurones exhibited potent 5-LOX inhibitory activity and significant antioxidant activity. Acidoaurone, a first sulfonated aurone isolated from Phyllanthus acidus was synthesized for the first time and was well characterized using NMR, LC–MS, and further confirmed by HMBC.
PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOUNDS AS INHIBITORS OF CELL PROLIFERATION AND THE USE THEREOF
申请人:ANDERSON MARK B.
公开号:US20100068197A1
公开(公告)日:2010-03-18
Disclosed are compounds of Formula I effective as cytotoxic agents. The compounds of this invention are useful in the treatment of a variety of clinical conditions in which uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells occurs.