Tailored Near-Infrared Contrast Agents for Image Guided Surgery
摘要:
The success of near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence to be employed for intraoperative imaging relies on the ability to develop a highly stable, NIR fluorescent, nontoxic, biocompatible, and highly excreted compound that retains a reactive functionality for conjugation to a cancer-recognizing peptide. Herein, systematic modifications to previously detailed fluorophore ZW800-1 are explored. Specific modifications, including the isosteric replacement of the O atom of ZW800-1, include nucleophilic amine and sulfur species attached to the heptamethine core. These novel compounds have shown similar satisfactory results in biodistribution and clearance while also expressing increased stability in serum. Most importantly, all of the synthesized and evaluated compounds display a reactive functionality (either a free amino group or carboxylic acid moiety) for further bioconjugation. The results obtained from the newly prepared derivatives demonstrate that the central substitution with the studied linking agents retains the ultralow background in vivo performance of the fluorophores regardless of the total net charge.
Effects of Aromatic Thiols on Thiol−Disulfide Interchange Reactions That Occur during Protein Folding
作者:Todd V. DeCollo、Watson J. Lees
DOI:10.1021/jo015600a
日期:2001.6.1
numerous thiol-disulfideinterchangereactions. Many of these reactions include a redox buffer, which is a mixture of a thiol (RSH) and the corresponding disulfide (RSSR). The relationship between the structure of RSH and its efficacy in folding proteins in vitro has been investigated only to a limited extent. Reported herein are the effects of aliphatic and especially aromatic thiols on reactions that
Studies of the Thiocarbonyl Compounds. III. The Mechanism of the Thermal Rearrangement of Aryl Thionocarboxylates
作者:Aritsune Kaji、Yoshiaki Araki、Koshin Miyazaki
DOI:10.1246/bcsj.44.1393
日期:1971.5
The thermal rearrangement of aryl thionocarboxylates was kinetically investigated in diphenyl ether. The rate constants of the rearrangement of aryl N,N-dimethylthionocarbamates were well correlated with the σ− values, but the plots of the electron-releasing para-substituents deviated slightly on the lower side of the meta correlation line. A good linear free-energy relationship existed between the
Continuous-Flow Microreactor Chemistry under High-Temperature/Pressure Conditions
作者:Tahseen Razzaq、Toma N. Glasnov、C. Oliver Kappe
DOI:10.1002/ejoc.200900077
日期:2009.3
High-temperature organic synthesis can be performed undercontinuous-flowconditions in a stainless steel microtubular flow reactor capable of achieving temperatures of 350 °C and 200 bar. Under these extreme experimental environments transformations normally performed in a high-boiling solvent at reflux temperature – or under sealed-vessel microwave conditions – can be readily converted to a flow
Sintered Silicon Carbide: A New Ceramic Vessel Material for Microwave Chemistry in Single-Mode Reactors
作者:Bernhard Gutmann、David Obermayer、Benedikt Reichart、Bojana Prekodravac、Muhammad Irfan、Jennifer M. Kremsner、C. Oliver Kappe
DOI:10.1002/chem.201001703
日期:2010.10.25
Siliconcarbide (SiC) is a strongly microwave absorbing chemically inert ceramic material that can be utilized at extremely high temperatures due to its high melting point and very low thermal expansion coefficient. Microwave irradiation induces a flow of electrons in the semiconductingceramic that heats the material very efficiently through resistance heating mechanisms. The use of SiC carbide reaction
The Newman-Kwart Rearrangement of<i>O</i>-Aryl Thiocarbamates: Substantial Reduction in Reaction Temperatures through Palladium Catalysis
作者:Jeremy N. Harvey、Jesús Jover、Guy C. Lloyd-Jones、Jonathan D. Moseley、Paul Murray、Joseph S. Renny
DOI:10.1002/anie.200903908
日期:2009.9.28
Newman–Kwart rearrangement allows an escape from the harsh thermal conditions of the standard uncatalyzed reaction (see scheme). Mechanistic investigations, employing kinetic, isotopic labelling (2H, 18O, 34S) and DFT studies, suggest that the reaction proceeds through a five‐centred Pd–S coordinated oxidative addition, with intermolecular exchange of aryl and thiocarbamate moieties through dimerization of the