Synthesis and biological evaluation of quinoxaline derivatives as tubulin polymerization inhibitors that elevate intracellular
<scp>ROS</scp>
and triggers apoptosis via mitochondrial pathway
antiproliferative activity with IC50 in the range of 0.19-0.51 μM. The compound inhibited tubulin polymerization and disrupted the microtubule network, leading to G2/M phase arrest. Furthermore, compound 12 induced ROS production and malfunction of mitochondrial membrane potential. Compound 12 led to cancer cells apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Westernblotanalysis showed that compound 12 induced up-regulation