A reductive cross coupling reaction process for functionalization of a nucleophilic alkene can be achieved. The nucleophilic alkene and a nucleophilic cross coupling partner compound can be reacted in the presence of an oxidizable alcohol and a suitable catalyst to form a reductive coupling product. Various additives can also be useful to refine the process such as by mitigating certain undesirable intermediates, facilitating specific site selectivity for various substitutions or reaction sites, etc. Chiral additives can be optionally used which act to provide asymmetric catalysis, e.g. allow for regioselective and stereoselective production of reductive coupling products. A reductive cross coupling pathway can include oxidizing the oxidizable alcohol to form a catalyst hydride. The nucleophilic alkene can be inserted into the catalyst hydride to form a catalyst-alkyl intermediate. Further, the catalyst-alkyl intermediate can be transmetallized with the nucleophilic cross coupling partner compound to form a transmetallated intermediate. The catalyst can be reductively eliminated to form the reductive coupling product and a reduced catalyst. Finally, the reduced catalyst can be oxidized under aerobic conditions, for example with oxygen, to form the oxidized catalyst and subsequent repetition through the cyclic pathway.
A new approach to carbon–carbon bond formation: development of aerobic Pd-catalyzed reductive coupling reactions of organometallic reagents and styrenes
作者:Keith M. Gligorich、Yasumasa Iwai、Sarah A. Cummings、Matthew S. Sigman
DOI:10.1016/j.tet.2009.03.096
日期:2009.6
Alkenes are attractive starting materials for organic synthesis and the development of new selective functionalization reactions is desired. Previously, our laboratory discovered a unique Pd-catalyzed hydroalkoxylation reaction of styrenes containing a phenol. Based upon deuterium labeling experiments, a mechanism involving an aerobicalcoholoxidationcoupled to alkene functionalization was proposed
Nickel‐Catalyzed Electrochemical Reductive Relay Cross‐Coupling of Alkyl Halides to Aryl Halides
作者:Ke‐Jin Jiao、Dong Liu、Hong‐Xing Ma、Hui Qiu、Ping Fang、Tian‐Sheng Mei
DOI:10.1002/anie.201912753
日期:2020.4.16
A highly regioselective Ni-catalyzed electrochemical reductive relay cross-coupling between an aryl halide and an alkylhalide has been developed in an undivided cell. Various functional groups are tolerated under these mild reaction conditions, which provides an alternative approach for the synthesis of 1,1-diarylalkanes.