Discovery of Vinyl Sulfones as a Novel Class of Neuroprotective Agents toward Parkinson’s Disease Therapy
摘要:
Although the etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) remains elusive, recent studies suggest that oxidative stress contributes to the cascade leading to dopaminergic (DAergic) neurodegeneration. The Nrf2, signaling is the main pathway responsible for cellular defense system against oxidative stress. Nrf2 is a transcription factor that regulates environmental stress response by inducing expression of antioxidant enzyme genes. We have synthesized novel vinyl sulfone derivatives. They exhibited a broad range of activities in inducing HO-1, whose gene expression is under the control of Nrf2. Among them, compound 12g was confirmed to activate Nrf2 and induce expression of the Nrf2-dependent antioxidant enzymes NQO1, GCLC, GLCM, and HO-1, at both mRNA and protein levels in DAergic neuronal cells. This was accompanied by protection of DAergic neurons in both in vitro and MPTP-induced in vivo models of PD. In addition, compound 12g effectively resulted in attenuation of the PD-associated behavioral deficits in the mouse model.
We have developed a highlyselectiveone-pot method for the synthesis of (E)-vinyl sulfones and sulfoxides from thiols with terminal alkynes. The sulfones and sulfoxides could be obtained with excellent selectivity in good isolated yields. It is simple, efficient and environmentally benign, and metal-free. The mechanism for the formation of the (E)-vinyl sulfones was also proposed.
Synthesis of Vinyl Sulfones via I<sub>2</sub>
-mediated Alkene Sulfonylations with Thiosulfonates
作者:Sang Joon Hwang、Pranab K. Shyam、Hye-Young Jang
DOI:10.1002/bkcs.11426
日期:2018.4
sulfonylation strategy involving I2 and thiosulfonates, as sulfonyl‐group precursors, is reported for the synthesis of vinyl sulfones. Sulfonyl radicals are presumed to be generated from thiosulfonates, which subsequently react with styrene or cinnamic acid derivatives to afford a variety of vinyl sulfones under the described reaction conditions. Detailed conditions, the substrate scope, and mechanistic studies