The mode of bakers' yeast transformation of 3-chloropropiophenone and related ketones. Synthesis of (2S)-[2-2H]propiophenone, (R)-fluoxetine, and (R)- and (S)-fenfluramine
摘要:
Yeast treatment of 3-chloropropiophenone (2) affords the expected (1S)-3-chloro-1-phenylpropan-1-ol (3) as well as ca. 30% of propiophenone (5). The conversion of 2 into 5 is accompanied by formal elimination of hydrochloric acid, followed by yeast saturation of the double bond of the intermediate phenyl vinyl ketone (4). Monodeuteriopropiophenone formed via yeast treatment from alpha,alpha-dideuterio-3-chloropropiophenone (8) was shown to possess the 2S configuration 10 by conversion into [2-H-2]-(1R,2S)-1-phenylpropan-1-ol (13), whose stereochemistry was assigned by comparison of its NMR properties with those of the [2-H-2]-(1S,2S) diastereoisomer 19 synthesized from yeast-generated (1R,2S)-1-phenylpropane-1,2-diol (15). Whereas product 3 is converted into (R)-fluoxetine (31), 2S alcohol 24, obtained in the yeast reduction of the ketone 22 is transformed into (R)-fenfluramine (29) and into its enantiomer (26).
Conformational analysis of amphetamine in solution based on unambiguous assignment of the diastereotopic benzylic protons in the 1H NMR spectra
作者:Alexandros Makriyannis、James Knittel
DOI:10.1016/s0040-4039(01)82999-3
日期:1981.1
The erythro- and threo-amphetamine-β-d diastereomers were synthesized and used for the unambiguous assignment of the diastereotopic benzylic protons and the measurement of vicinal 1H-1H coupling constants which were used to determine the distribution of rotamers around the central cα-cβ bond in the side chain.
The stereoselectivity in reactions of 2-oxy-substituted radicals of type B was investigated. As expected, minimization of allylic1,3-strain was the major controllingfactor. Under standard conditions, only a modest level of stereoselectivity was observed. E.g., deuteration of the benzylated radical (R1 = benzyl) gave diastereoisomer ratios ≤ 2:1. Use of a bulky protective group on the O-atom (R1 =