Vyas; Bokil; Nargund, Journal of the University of Bombay, Science: Physical Sciences, Mathematics, Biological Sciences and Medicine, 1940, vol. 9/3, p. 145,147
Weak force in action: In the title reaction, the palladium catalyst (see figure, left) uses weak CH⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bonding to control the absolute configuration of the new stereocenter. A similar palladium catalyst (right) used conventional NH⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bonding to guide stereoselection.