The present invention relates to a compound of formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof, wherein: Z is OR16 or NR17R18; R16 is H or alkyl; R17 is H or alkyl; R18 is alkyl or cycloalkyl, each of which is optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from OH, halogen and COOR11; X is a group selected from -C≡C-
本发明涉及一种式I的化合物,或其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂或前药,其中:Z为OR16或NR17R18;R16为H或烷基;R17为H或烷基;R18为烷基或环烷基,每个烷基或环烷基可选择地被一个或多个OH、卤素和COOR11取代;X为从-C≡C-<(CH2)P-;-C噻唑啉中选择的杂环基;其中R2、R3和R4中的每一个独立地为H或烷基;或R3和R4与它们连接的氮一起形成一个5或6-成员的杂环烷基或杂环烯基基团,所述的杂环烷基或杂环烯基基团可选择地含有一个或多个进一步从O、N、CO和S中选择的基团,其中R9、R10、R11、R12、R13、R14和R15中的每一个独立地为H或烷基;用于治疗与BK通道调节相关的疾病。
Big conductance calcium-activated potassium channel openers control spasticity without sedation
作者:David Baker、Gareth Pryce、Cristina Visintin、Sofia Sisay、Alexander I Bondarenko、W S Vanessa Ho、Samuel J Jackson、Thomas E Williams、Sarah Al-Izki、Ioanna Sevastou、Masahiro Okuyama、Wolfgang F Graier、Lesley A Stevenson、Carolyn Tanner、Ruth Ross、Roger G Pertwee、Christopher M Henstridge、Andrew J Irving、Jesse Schulman、Keith Powell、Mark D Baker、Gavin Giovannoni、David L Selwood
DOI:10.1111/bph.13889
日期:2017.8
Background and PurposeOur initial aim was to generate cannabinoid agents that control spasticity, occurring as a consequence of multiple sclerosis (MS), whilst avoiding the sedative side effects associated with cannabis. VSN16R was synthesized as an anandamide (endocannabinoid) analogue in an anti‐metabolite approach to identify drugs that target spasticity.Experimental ApproachFollowing the initial chemistry, a variety of biochemical, pharmacological and electrophysiological approaches, using isolated cells, tissue‐based assays and in vivo animal models, were used to demonstrate the activity, efficacy, pharmacokinetics and mechanism of action of VSN16R. Toxicological and safety studies were performed in animals and humans.Key ResultsVSN16R had nanomolar activity in tissue‐based, functional assays and dose‐dependently inhibited spasticity in a mouse experimental encephalomyelitis model of MS. This effect occurred with over 1000‐fold therapeutic window, without affecting normal muscle tone. Efficacy was achieved at plasma levels that are feasible and safe in humans. VSN16R did not bind to known CB1/CB2/GPPR55 cannabinoid‐related receptors in receptor‐based assays but acted on a vascular cannabinoid target. This was identified as the major neuronal form of the big conductance, calcium‐activated potassium (BKCa) channel. Drug‐induced opening of neuronal BKCa channels induced membrane hyperpolarization, limiting excessive neural‐excitability and controlling spasticity.Conclusions and ImplicationsWe identified the neuronal form of the BKCa channel as the target for VSN16R and demonstrated that its activation alleviates neuronal excitability and spasticity in an experimental model of MS, revealing a novel mechanism to control spasticity. VSN16R is a potential, safe and selective ligand for controlling neural hyper‐excitability in spasticity.