Piperazine Imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxaline Ureas as High-Affinity GABAA Ligands of Dual Functionality
摘要:
A series of imidazo[1,5-alpha]quinoxaline piperazine ureas appended with a tert-butyl ester side chain at the 3-position was developed. Analogues within this series have high affinity for the gamma-aminobutyric acid A (GABA(A))/benzodiazepine receptor complex with efficacies ranging from inverse agonists to full agonists. Many analogues were found to be partial agonists as indicated by [S-35]TBPS and Cl- current ratios. Uniquely, a number of these analogues were found to have a bell-shaped dose-response profile in the alpha(1)beta(2)gamma(2) subtype as determined by whole cell patch-clamp technique, where in vitro efficacy was found to decrease with increasing drug concentration. Many of the compounds from this series were effective in antagonizing metrazole-induced seizures, consistent with anticonvulsant and possibly anxiolytic activity. Additionally, several analogues were also effective in lowering cGMP levels (to control values) after applied stress, also consistent with anxiolytic-like properties. The most effective compounds in these screens were also active in animal models of anxiety such as the Vogel and Geller assays. The use of the piperazine substituent allowed for excellent drug levels and a long duration of action in the central nervous system for many of the quinoxalines, as determined by ex vivo assay. Pharmacokinetic analysis of several compounds indicated excellent oral bioavailability and a reasonable half-life in rats. From this series emerged two partial agonists (55, 91) which had good activity in anxiolytic models, acceptable pharmacokinetics, and minimal benzodiazepine-type side effects.
High-Affinity Partial Agonist Imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxaline Amides, Carbamates, and Ureas at the γ-Aminobutyric Acid A/Benzodiazepine Receptor Complex
摘要:
A series of imidazo[1,5-alpha]quinoxaline amides, carbamates, and ureas which have high affinity for the gamma-aminobutyric acid A/benzodiazepine receptor complex was developed. Compounds within this class have varying efficacies racing from antagonists to full agonists. However, most analogs were found to be partial agonists as indicated by [S-35]TBPS and Cl- current ratios. Many of these compounds were also effective in antagonizing metrazole-induced seizures in accordance with anticonvulsant and possible anxiolytic activity. Selected quinoxalines displayed limited benzodiazepine-type side effects such as ethanol potentiation and physical dependence in animal models. Dimethylamino urea 41 emerged as the most interesting analog, having a partial agonist profile in vitro while possessing useful activity in animal models of anxiety such as the Vogel and Geller assays. In accordance with its partial agonist profile, 41 was devoid of typical benzodiazepine side effects.
An invention relating to Imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines (I) ##STR1## which do not contain an endocyclic carbonyl group and which are useful as anxiolytic and sedative/hypnotic agents.
An efficient method for palladium-catalyzed direct Hiyama coupling of various quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones with aryl siloxanes has been developed. The protocol provides a convenient access to a variety of useful C3-arylated 1-methylquinoxalin-2(1H)-one derivatives in reasonable yields by using low cost water as a solvent and oxygen as an oxidant.
Copper catalyzed aerobic oxidative amination of 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-ones
作者:Shuocheng Wan、Jie Wang、Congde Huo
DOI:10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153271
日期:2021.8
3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-ones is developed. This protocol provides a concise method to access 3-aminoquinoxalinone derivatives with good functional-group tolerances, utilizing primary and secondary aliphatic amines as nitrogen sources under mild and simple reaction conditions. It provides a practical approach to the synthesis of pharmaceutical active 3-aminoquinoxalinones.
开发了铜催化的 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-ones 的有氧 sp 3 C H 胺化。该协议提供了一种简洁的方法来获得具有良好官能团耐受性的 3-氨基喹喔啉酮衍生物,在温和和简单的反应条件下利用伯和仲脂肪胺作为氮源。它提供了一种合成药物活性 3-氨基喹喔啉酮的实用方法。
4,5-cyclicimidazo[1,5-A]quinoxalines
申请人:Pharmacia & Upjohn Company
公开号:US05668282A1
公开(公告)日:1997-09-16
The invention discloses imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines (I) ##STR1## which do not contain an endocyclic carbonyl group that are useful as anxiolytic and sedative/hypnotic agents.