A Complementary Process to Pauson–Khand-Type Annulation Reactions for the Construction of Fully Substituted Cyclopentenones
作者:Adam B. Millham、Matthew J. Kier、Robert M. Leon、Rajdip Karmakar、Zachary D. Stempel、Glenn C. Micalizio
DOI:10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03922
日期:2019.1.18
Pauson-Khand annulation is described that is well suited to forging densely substituted/oxygenated cyclopentenone products (including fully substituted variants). The reaction is thought to proceed through a sequence of metallacycle-mediated bond-forming events that engages an internal alkyne and a β-keto ester in an annulation process that forges two C-C bonds. A variant of this annulation process has
Synthesis of β-Keto Esters In-Flow and Rapid Access to Substituted Pyrimidines
作者:Hannah E. Bartrum、David C. Blakemore、Christopher J. Moody、Christopher J. Hayes
DOI:10.1021/jo101783m
日期:2010.12.17
We have developed an in-flow process for the synthesis of beta-keto esters via the BF3 center dot OEt2-catalyzed formal C-H insertion of ethyl diazoacetate into aldehydes. The beta-keto esters were then condensed with a range of amidines to give a variety of 2,6-substituted pyrimidin-4-ols.
Efficient Formation of Ring Structures Utilizing Multisite Activation by Indium Catalysis
Lewis acidic indium(III) salts, in particular In(NTf2)(3), effect the conversion of alpha-(omega'-alkynyl)-beta-ketoesters; and omega-alkynyl-beta-ketoesters to the corresponding cyclic products in a manner known as the Coniaene reaction. This reaction can lead to the creation of five- to fifteen-membered-ring carbocycles and heterocycles in good to excellent yields. The synthetic features of the reaction are a relatively low catalyst loading, as low as 0.01 mol % in the best case, as well as no requirement of solvent for five-membered-ring formation and the requirement of only moderately dilute reaction conditions for medium-sized-ring formation. The high reactivity of indium salts is due to the double activation of the beta-ketoester substrate containing an acetylene function. The indium metal activates the beta-ketoester moiety by the formation of an indium enolate, and this indium metal electrophilically activates the alkyne moiety. Such a strong push-pull activation of the substrate by a single metal circumvents the disadvantage of entropic and enthalpic factors generally associated with the formation of medium- and large-sized rings. The reaction allows the ready formation of a fifteen-membered-ring carbocycle, from which di-muscone has been synthesized.
Indium-Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of ω-Alkynyl-β-ketoesters into Six- to Fifteen-Membered Rings
Yb(OTf)3-Promoted ZnCl2-Catalyzed Conia-Ene Reaction of Linear β-Alkynic β-Dicarbonyls
作者:Jin-Heng Li、Yu Liu、Ren-Jie Song
DOI:10.1055/s-0030-1258213
日期:2010.11
An atom-economical and solvent-freeytterbium(III) triflate promoted, zinc(II) chloride catalyzed Conia-ene method has been developed for the construction of five- to six-membered-ring carbocycles. In the presence of zinc(II) chloride and ytterbium(III) triflate, a variety of linear β-alkynic β-keto esters and β-alkynic β-diketones were cyclized under neat conditions in moderate to good yields. It