Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Highly Substituted Proline Esters via [3 + 2] Cycloaddition between N-Metalated Azomethine Ylides and Nitroalkenes. Origins of the Metal Effect on the Stereochemical Outcome
摘要:
The [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction between several N-metalated azomethine ylides and nitroalkenes has been studied using AgOAc and LiClO4 as metalating reagents in the presence of triethylamine. The reaction is found to be very versatile and can be extended to homochiral nitroalkenes. In general, lithium and silver salts promote preferential formation of the endo and exo cycloadducts, respectively. The presence of a phenol moiety induces a shift toward the exo-cycloadduct even when lithium is used. A model based upon the experimental results obtained and SCF-MO calculations is proposed to explain the variable stereochemical outcome of these reactions.
Catalytic Asymmetric exo′-Selective [3+2] Cycloaddition of Iminoesters with Nitroalkenes
作者:Takayoshi Arai、Naota Yokoyama、Asami Mishiro、Hiroyasu Sato
DOI:10.1002/anie.201004098
日期:2010.10.18
Under control: A chiral imidazoline–aminophenol/Ni(OAc)2 complex promotes the first catalyticasymmetric exo′‐selective [3+2] cycloaddition of iminoesters and nitroalkenes. Thermodynamic control over the stepwise Michael/Mannich cyclization steps gives the adducts in up to 99 % ee.
AgOAc/ThioClickFerrophos (TCF) complex catalyzed the 1,3-dipolarcycloaddition of azomethineylides (glycine imino ester) to nitroalkenes. The corresponding endo-cycloadducts (88:12–98:2 endo/exo) were afforded in good yields with high enantioselectivities, up to 98% ee, without addition of external amine. AgOAc/TCF works as a bifunctional (Lewis acid and base) catalyst.
Phosphoramidite–Cu(OTf)<sub>2</sub> Complexes as Chiral Catalysts for 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Iminoesters and Nitroalkenes
作者:Luis M. Castelló、Carmen Nájera、José M. Sansano、Olatz Larrañaga、Abel de Cózar、Fernando P. Cossío
DOI:10.1021/ol4006618
日期:2013.6.21
Chiral complexes formed by phosphoramidites such as (S-a,R,R)-9 and Cu(OTf)(2) are excellent catalysts for the general 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between azomethine ylides and nitroalkenes affording the corresponding tetrasubstituted proline esters mainly as exo-cycloadducts in high er at room temperature. The exo-cycloadducts can be obtained in enantiomerically pure form just after simple recrystallization. DFT calculations support the stereochemical results.
Chiral Bis(imidazolidine)pyridine−Cu(OTf)<sub>2</sub>: Catalytic Asymmetric Endo-Selective [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of Imino Esters with Nitroalkenes
作者:Takayoshi Arai、Asami Mishiro、Naota Yokoyama、Kuniko Suzuki、Hiroyasu Sato
DOI:10.1021/ja100265j
日期:2010.4.21
The novel C-2-symmetric bis(imidazolidine)pyridine (PyBidine) ligand was easily synthesized in a single condensation of 2,6-pyridyl aldehyde and optically active (S,S)diphenylethylenediamine. In the C-2-symmetric PyBidine-Cu(OTf)(2) complex, imidazolidine rings act as "chiral fences" to shield the first and third quadrants. Use of the PyBidine-Cu(OTf)(2) complex as a catalyst enabled the highly endo-selective reaction of imino esters and nitroalkenes to give the adducts in up to 99% ee.
A Highly Enantio- and Diastereoselective Cu-Catalyzed 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylides with Nitroalkenes