Indole and indoline derivatives of the formula:
wherein indicates a double bond or a single bond between carbon atoms, R1 represents an alkyl group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms (which may be substituted by one or more than one of the same type of substituents selected from the hydroxy group, alkenyl groups containing 2 to 5 carbon atoms, and alkanoyloxy groups containing 2 to 7 carbon atoms) or a hydrogen atom, and one of the symbols R2 represents an alkyl group containing 6 to 24 carbon atoms and the other symbol R2 represents an alkyl group containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, or a hydrogen atom, and R3 reptesents an alkyl group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a hydrogen atom, are new compounds possessing useful pharmacological properties. They are of use in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, hyperlipoproteinaemic states, of atherosclerosis, and of associated disorders. Pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds are described and so are numerous processes for oreparing the compounds.
A sterilized microbial cell which is sterilized by adding a surfactant in process for sterilizing a viable microbial cell having produced therein an industrially useful enzyme or the like, without deactivating the enzyme or the like.
An improved hydroxynitrile lyase characterized by having a mutation of substitution of at least one amino acid residue in the amino acid sequence of a wild-type hydroxynitrile lyase with another amino acid and by its hydroxynitrile lyase activity per transformant being higher than the hydroxynitrile lyase activity per transformant into which the wild-type hydroxynitrile lyase gene is introduced; and a method for producing a hydroxynitrile lyase, comprising expressing the improved hydroxynitrile lyase in a host and recovering the improved hydroxynitrile lyase from the resultant culture.
The present invention provides an industrially useful improved halohydrin epoxidase, a method for producing the same, and a method for producing an epihalohydrin or 4-halo-3-hydroxybutyronitrile using the same. The improved halohydrin epoxidase of the present invention consists of an amino acid sequence in which a specific amino acid substitution mutation is introduced into an amino acid sequence of a wild-type halohydrin epoxidase comprising predetermined amino acid sequences I and II.
An improved hydroxynitrile lyase characterized by having a mutation of substitution of at least one amino acid residue in the amino acid sequence of a wild-type hydroxynitrile lyase with another amino acid and by its hydroxynitrile lyase activity per transformant being higher than the hydroxynitrile lyase activity per transformant into which the wild-type hydroxynitrile lyase gene is introduced; and a method for producing a hydroxynitrile lyase, comprising expressing the improved hydroxynitrile lyase in a host and recovering the improved hydroxynitrile lyase from the resultant culture.