New Bivalent PKC Ligands Linked by a Carbon Spacer: Enhancement in Binding Affinity
摘要:
Protein kinase C (PKC) is known to play an important role in many signal transduction pathways involved in hormone release, mitogenesis, and tumor promotion. In continuation of our efforts to find highly potent activators of PKC for possible use as Alzheimer's disease therapeutics, we designed and synthesized molecules containing two binding moieties (amides of benzolactams or esters of naphthylpyrrolidones) connected by a flexible spacer chain, which could theoretically bind to both the C1a and C1b activator binding domains of the catalytic region or to the C1 domains of two adjacent PKC molecules. The dimers 2a- g of benzolactam showed a 200-fold increase in affinity to PKCalpha and -delta as the spacer length increased from 4 to 20 carbon atoms. Replacement of the oligomethylene chain with an oligoethylene glycol unit (compounds 2h, 2i) showed a 4000- to 7000-fold decrease in affinity to PKCalpha. The dimers of naphthylpyrrolidones 4a-g did not show any marked improvement in binding affinities to PKC in comparison to the monomers synthesized earlier. The dimer of benzolactam. 2e did not show much selectivity for PKCalpha, -betaI, -delta, -epsilon, and -gamma. The high binding affinity of compounds 2d-g to PKCs gives us the impetus to design additional molecules that would retain this enhanced activity and would also show selectivity for the PKC isoforms.
Ligand Recognition by E- and P-Selectin: Chemoenzymatic Synthesis and Inhibitory Activity of Bivalent Sialyl Lewis x Derivatives and Sialyl Lewis x Carboxylic Acids
摘要:
Described is the preparation of five sLe(x) dimers and five sLe(x) carboxylic acids by coupling chemoenzymatically synthesized amino-substituted sialyl Lewis x (sLe(x)) derivative 4 to homobifunctional cross-linkers 20-24 of varying chain length. 20-24 were obtained by alkylating low-molecular-weight oligoethylene glycols with tert-butyl bromoacetate and subsequent transformation of the di-tert-butyl esters into disuccinimide esters. The products were assayed for inhibition against binding of a sLe(a)-polymer to immobilized E- and P-selectin. In the E-selectin assay all dimers had lower IC50 values than the sLex monomer. The results show that comparable binding enhancements can be obtained with linkers of completely different length and rigidity. In the P-selectin assay four of the five sLe(x) carboxylic acids displayed significantly improved inhibitory potency. The lowest IC50 value was observed for the compound with the shortest spacer between the sLex moiety and the additional carboxylate, being ca. 20-40 times more potent than unmodified sLex. These findings should be of importance for the design of new multivalent forms of sLe(x) as well as sLe(x) mimetics as high-affinity selectin ligands.
Molecular Recognition of Pyrophosphate with Extended Bis(Zn(II)-DPA) Derivatives
作者:Jinrok Oh、Jong-In Hong
DOI:10.1021/acs.joc.9b01726
日期:2019.12.20
their binding affinities toward both PPi and adenosine triphosphate were evaluated in N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-N'-ethanesulfonic acid-buffered solution. The presence of two hydrogen bond donors slightly retarded the reaction rate of anionic guest exchange, while four had a significant retardation effect. A macrocyclic receptor, 17, exhibited superior selectivity toward PPi compared with acyclic