Structure–Activity Relationships and Anti-inflammatory Activities of N-Carbamothioylformamide Analogues as MIF Tautomerase Inhibitors
摘要:
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a proinflammatory cytokine, is an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. In our previous study, 3-[(biphenyl-4-ylcarbonyl)carbamothioyl] amino benzoic acid (compound 1) was discovered as a potent inhibitor of MIF by docking-based virtual screening and bioassays. Here, a series of analogues of compound 1 derived from similarity search and chemical synthesis were evaluated for their MIF tautomerase activities, and their structure activity relationships were then analyzed. The most potent inhibitor (compound 5) with an IC50 of 370 nM strongly suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of TNF-alpha and IL-6 in a dose-dependent manner and significantly enhanced the survival rate of mice with LPS-induced endotoxic shock from 0 to 35% at 0.5 mg/kg and to 45% at 1 mg/kg, highlighting the therapeutic potential of the MIF tautomerase inhibition in inflammatory diseases.
A Novel Biphenyl-based Chemotype of Retinoid X Receptor Ligands Enables Subtype and Heterodimer Preferences
摘要:
The nuclear retinoid X receptors (RXRs) are key ligand sensing transcription factors that serve as universal nuclear receptor heterodimer partners and are thus involved in numerous physiological processes. Therapeutic targeting of RXRs holds high potential but available RXR activators suffer from limited safety. Selectivity for RXR subtypes or for certain RXR heterodimers are promising strategies for safer RXR modulation. Here, we report systematic structure activity relationship studies on biphenyl carboxylates as new RXR ligand chemotype. We discovered specific structural modifications that enhance potency on RXRs, govern subtype preference, and vary modulation of different RXR heterodimers. Fusion of these structural motifs enabled specific tuning of subtype preferential profiles with markedly improved potency. Our results provide further evidence that RXR subtype selective ligands can be designed and present a novel chemotype of RXR modulators that can be tuned for subtype and heterodimer preferences.
NMR-Based Discovery of Lead Inhibitors That Block DNA Binding of the Human Papillomavirus E2 Protein
作者:Philip J. Hajduk、Jürgen Dinges、Gregory F. Miknis、Megan Merlock、Tim Middleton、Dale J. Kempf、David A. Egan、Karl A. Walter、Terry S. Robins、Suzy B. Shuker、Thomas F. Holzman、Stephen W. Fesik
DOI:10.1021/jm9703404
日期:1997.9.1
The E2 protein is required far the replication of human papillomaviruses (HPVs), which are responsible for anogenital warts and cervical carcinomas, Using an NMR-based screen, we tested compounds for binding to the DNA-binding domain of the HPV-E2 protein. Three classes of compounds were identified which bound to two distinct sites on the protein. Biphenyl and biphenyl ether compounds containing a carboxylic acid bind to a site near the DNA recognition helix and inhibit the binding of E2 to DNA. Benzophenone-containing compounds which lack a carboxylic acid group bind to the beta-barrel formed by the dimer intel face and exhibit negligible effects on the binding of E2 to DNA. Structure-activity relationships from the biphenyl and biphenyl ether compounds were combined to produce a compound [5-(3'-(3 '',5 ''-dichlorophenoxy)phenyl)-2,4-pentadienoic acid] with an IC50 value of approximately 10 mu M. This compound represents a useful lead for the development of antiviral agents that interfere with HPV replication and further illustrates the usefulness of the SAR by NMR method in the drug discovery process.