Design, Synthesis, and Biological Activities of Closantel Analogues: Structural Promiscuity and Its Impact on Onchocerca volvulus
摘要:
Onchocerciasis, or river blindness, is a neglected tropical disease that affects more than 37 million people worldwide, primarily in Africa and Central and South America. We have disclosed evidence that the larval-stage-specific chitinase, OvCHT1, may be a potential biological target for affecting nematode development. On the basis of screening efforts, closantel, a known anthelmintic drug, was discovered as a potent and highly specific OvCHT1 inhibitor. Originally, closantel's anthelmintic mode of action was believed to rely solely on its role as a proton ionophore; thus, the impact of each of its biological activities on O. volvulus L3 molting was investigated. Structure activity relationship studies on an active closantel fragment are detailed, and remarkably, by use of a simple salicylanilide scaffold, compounds acting only as protonophores or chitinase inhibitors were identified. From these data, unexpected synergistic protonophore and chitinase inhibition activities have also been found to be critical for molting in O. volvulus L3 larvae.
Relationships Between the Chemical Structure of Antimycobacterial Substances and Their Activity Against Atypical Strains. Part 14: 3-Aryl-6,8-dihalogeno-2H-1,3-benzoxazine-2,4(3H)-diones
6,8‐dibromo‐3‐phenyl‐2H‐1,3‐benzoxazine‐2,4(3H)‐dione, substituted on the phenyl ring, was prepared by the reaction of the corresponding salicylanilides with ethyl chloroformate. The compounds were evaluated in vitro for antimycobacterialactivity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium kansasii, and Mycobacterium avium. Their activity increases with increasing hydrophobicity and electron‐withdrawing
Substituted Salicylanilides as Inhibitors of Two-Component Regulatory Systems in Bacteria
作者:Mark J. Macielag、James P. Demers、Stephanie A. Fraga-Spano、Dennis J. Hlasta、Sigmond G. Johnson、Ramesh M. Kanojia、Ronald K. Russell、Zhihua Sui、Michele A. Weidner-Wells、Harvey Werblood、Barbara D. Foleno、Raul M. Goldschmidt、Michael J. Loeloff、Glenda C. Webb、John F. Barrett
DOI:10.1021/jm9803572
日期:1998.7.1
A new class of inhibitors of the two-component regulatory systems (TCS) of bacteria was discovered based on the salicylanilide screening hits, closantel (1) and tetrachlorosalicylanilide (9). A systematic SAR study versus a model TCS, KinA/Spo0F, demonstrated the importance of electron-attracting substituents in the salicyloyl ring and hydrophobic groups in the anilide moiety for optimal activity.
基于水杨酰苯胺的筛选命中氯梭菌(1)和四氯水杨酰苯胺(9),发现了一种新型的细菌两组分调节系统(TCS)抑制剂。系统的SAR研究与模型TCS KinA / Spo0F相比,证明了水杨酰环中吸引电子的取代基和苯胺部分中的疏水基团具有最佳活性的重要性。另外,含有2,3-二羟基苯甲腈结构基序的衍生物8和16是KinA激酶自磷酸化的有效抑制剂,IC50分别为2.8和6. 3 µM。化合物8还以低于抑制生长的浓度抑制了基因工程化粪肠球菌细胞系中介导万古霉素抗性的TCS(VanS / VanR)。氯沙坦(1),四氯水杨基苯胺(9),
Cancer therapy system
申请人:THERAPEUTICAL SYSTEMS CORPORATION
公开号:EP0412211A1
公开(公告)日:1991-02-13
A method for effecting oncolysis, regression, and control of malignant neoplasms in humans and other mammals without adverse effects on normal body cells is described. An ATP-availability depressor may be combined with a defined nutritional regimen, a fatty acid blocker, an amino acid blocker, a lactate export blocker, or any combination thereof.
Discovery and Structure–Activity Relationships of Modified Salicylanilides as Cell Permeable Inhibitors of Poly(ADP-ribose) Glycohydrolase (PARG)
作者:Jamin D. Steffen、Donna L. Coyle、Komath Damodaran、Paul Beroza、Myron K. Jacobson
DOI:10.1021/jm200325s
日期:2011.8.11
The metabolism of poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) in response to DNA strand breaks, which involves the concerted activities of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) and poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG), modulates cell recovery or cell death depending upon the level of DNA damage. While PARP inhibitors show high promise in clinical trials because of their low toxicity and selectivity for BRCA related cancers, evaluation of the therapeutic potential of PARG is limited by the lack of well-validated cell permeable inhibitors. In this study, target-related affinity profiling (TRAP), an alternative to high-throughput screening, was used to identify a number of druglike compounds from several chemical classes that demonstrated PARG inhibition in the low-micromolar range. A number of analogues of one of the most active chemotypes were synthesized to explore the structure activity relationship (SAR) for that series. This led to the discovery of a putative pharmacophore for PARG inhibition that contains a modified salicylanilide structure. Interestingly, these compounds also inhibit PARP-1, indicating strong homology in the active sites of PARG and PARP-1 and raising a new challenge for development of PARG specific inhibitors. The cellular activity of a lead inhibitor was demonstrated by the inhibition of both PARP and PARG activity in squamous cell carcinoma cells, although preferential inhibition of PARG relative to PARP was observed. The ability of inhibitors to modulate PAR metabolism via simultaneous effects on PARPs and PARG may represent a new approach for therapeutic development.
Substituted 3-Phenyl-1,3-benzoxazine-2,4-diones and their Bacteriostatic Activity
作者:Raymond E. Stenseth、Joseph W. Baker、Daniel P. Roman