Euodenine A: A Small-Molecule Agonist of Human TLR4
摘要:
A small-molecule natural product, euodenine A (1), was identified as an agonist of the human TLR4 receptor. Euodenine A was isolated from the leaves of Euodia asteridula (Rutaceae) found in Papua New Guinea and has an unusual U-shaped structure. It was synthesized along with a series of analogues that exhibit potent and selective agonism of the TLR4 receptor. SAR development around the cyclobutane ring resulted in a 10-fold increase in potency. The natural product demonstrated an extracellular site of action, which requires the extracellular domain of TLR4 to stimulate a NF-kappa B reporter response. 1 is a human-selective agonist that is CD14-independent, and it requires both TLR4 and MD-2 for full efficacy. Testing for immunomodulation in PBMC cells shows the induction of the cytokines IL-8, IL-10, TNF-alpha, and IL-12p40 as well as suppression of IL-5 from activated PBMCs, indicating that compounds like 1 could modulate the Th2 immune response without causing lung damage.
Euodenine A: A Small-Molecule Agonist of Human TLR4
摘要:
A small-molecule natural product, euodenine A (1), was identified as an agonist of the human TLR4 receptor. Euodenine A was isolated from the leaves of Euodia asteridula (Rutaceae) found in Papua New Guinea and has an unusual U-shaped structure. It was synthesized along with a series of analogues that exhibit potent and selective agonism of the TLR4 receptor. SAR development around the cyclobutane ring resulted in a 10-fold increase in potency. The natural product demonstrated an extracellular site of action, which requires the extracellular domain of TLR4 to stimulate a NF-kappa B reporter response. 1 is a human-selective agonist that is CD14-independent, and it requires both TLR4 and MD-2 for full efficacy. Testing for immunomodulation in PBMC cells shows the induction of the cytokines IL-8, IL-10, TNF-alpha, and IL-12p40 as well as suppression of IL-5 from activated PBMCs, indicating that compounds like 1 could modulate the Th2 immune response without causing lung damage.
A transition-metal-free Heck-type reaction between alkenes and alkyl iodides enabled by light in water
作者:Wenbo Liu、Lu Li、Zhengwang Chen、Chao-Jun Li
DOI:10.1039/c5ob00515a
日期:——
A transition-metal-free coupling protocol between various alkenes and non-activated alkyl iodides has been developed by using photoenergy in water for the first time. Under UV irradiation and basic aqueous conditions, various alkenes efficiently couple with a wide range of non-activated alkyl iodides. A tentative mechanism, which involves an atom transfer radical addition process, for the coupling
Olefination of activated halides and mesylates using arsonium ylides
作者:André Seyer、Lilian Alcaraz、C. Mioskowski
DOI:10.1016/s0040-4039(97)10152-6
日期:1997.11
Alkyltriphenylarsonium ylides react with activated primary halides and mesylates to afford olefins in good yields and with high E-selectivity. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.
Pharmacology on rat ileum of certain 2-substituted 3-(dimethylamino)-5,6-dimethoxyindenes related to 5,6-(methylendioxy)indene calcium antagonist
作者:Donald T. Witiak、Sunil V. Kakodkar、George E. Brunst、John R. Baldwin、Ralf G. Rahwan
DOI:10.1021/jm00210a028
日期:1978.12
Whereas the 2-propyl- and 2-butyl-5,6-(methylenedioxy)indene calcium antagonists reversed the spasmogenic action of several agonists including PGF2alpha and acetylcholine at 5 X 10(-5) to 10(-4) M on the rat ileum, the corresponding 5,6-dimethoxy analogues exhibited spasmogenic activity at higher concentration (10(-4)-10(-3) M) and exhibited neither spasmogenic nor spasmolytic activity at lower (10(-6)-10(-5) M) concentration. The results are compared to the methyl and 2-ethyl analogues. At 10(-4) M only the butyl analogue was capable of moderate antagonism of acetylcholine and at 10(-3) M all four analogues were capable of moderately antagonizing the actions of acetylcholine.