We report here an unexpected catalyst-free [2 + 2 + 2] annulation reaction which allows access to novel complex dimeric β-carboline derivatives in a single step. Various substituted ynones could react with dihydro-β-carboline imines to deliver interesting [2 + 2 + 2] annulation products in moderate to good yields. Alkynoates can also be tolerated in this system.
design and structural optimization have been one of the most effective ways to innovate pesticides for integrated insect management. To continue our previous studies on the discovery of insecticidal lead, a series of evodiamine derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their insecticidal activities. The bioassay results demonstrated that compounds Ian and Iao exhibited 90 and 80% insecticidal
global food security. On the basis of our prior research focused on identifying insecticidal leads targeting insect ryanodine receptors (RyRs), we aimed to identify evodiamine scaffold-based novel insecticides. Thus, a variety of evodiamine-based derivatives were designed, synthesized, and assessed for their insecticidal activity against the larvae of Mythimna separata (M. separata) and Plutella xylostella
害虫是高效农业生产的重要障碍,并对全球粮食安全构成威胁。在我们之前专注于识别针对昆虫兰尼碱受体(RyRs)的杀虫先导化合物的研究基础上,我们的目标是识别基于吴茱萸碱支架的新型杀虫剂。因此,设计、合成了多种基于吴茱萸碱的衍生物,并评估了它们对粘虫( M. separata )和小菜蛾( P. xylostella )幼虫的杀虫活性。初步生物测定结果表明,与吴茱萸碱、苦参碱和鱼藤酮相比,超过一半的目标化合物对M. separata表现出优异的活性。其中,化合物21m显示出最有效的杀幼虫效率,在2.5 mg/L时死亡率高达93.3%,比吴茱萸碱(10 mg/L时为10.0%)、苦参碱(200 mg/L时为10.0%)有显着改善。 )和鱼藤酮(200 mg/L 时为 30.0%)。对于小菜蛾,化合物21m和21o显示出较高的杀幼虫活性,其LC 50值分别为9.37 × 10 –2和0.13 mg/L,超过了吴茱萸碱(13
New Tricks for an Old Natural Product: Discovery of Highly Potent Evodiamine Derivatives as Novel Antitumor Agents by Systemic Structure–Activity Relationship Analysis and Biological Evaluations
Evodiamine is a quinazolinocarboline alkaloid isolated from the fruits of traditional Chinese herb Evodiae fructus. Previously, we identified N13-substituted evodiamine derivatives as potent topoisomerase I inhibitors by structure-based virtual screening and lead optimization. Herein, a library of novel evodiamine derivatives bearing various substitutions or modified scaffold were synthesized. Among them, a number of evodiamine derivatives showed substantial increase of the antitumor activity, with GI(50) values lower than 3 nM. Moreover, these highly potent compounds can effectively induce the apoptosis of A549 cells. Interestingly, further computational target prediction calculations in combination with biological assays confirmed that the evodiamine derivatives acted by dual inhibition of topoisomerases I and II. Moreover, several hydroxyl derivatives, such as 10-hydroxyl evodiamine (10j) and 3-amino-10-hydroxyl evodiamine (18g), also showed good in vivo antitumor efficacy and low toxicity at the dose of 1 mg/kg or 2 mg/kg. They represent promising candidates for the development of novel antitumor agents.