Loss of orexin-producing neurons results in narcolepsy with cataplexy, and orexin agonists have been shown to increase wakefulness and alleviate narcolepsy symptoms in animal models. Several OX2R agonists have been reported but with little or no activity at OX1R. We conducted structure–activity relationship studies on the OX2R agonist YNT-185 (2) and discovered dual agonists such as RTOXA-43 (40) with
产生食欲素的神经元的丧失会导致发作性睡病并猝倒,而食欲素激动剂已被证明可以在动物模型中提高清醒度并减轻发作性睡病症状。已报道了几种 OX2R 激动剂,但对 OX1R 的活性很少或没有。我们对 OX2R 激动剂 YNT-185 ( 2 ) 进行了结构-活性关系研究,发现了双重激动剂,例如 RTOXA-43 ( 40 ),对 OX2R 和 OX1R 的
EC 50均为 24 nM。基于激动剂结合的 OX2R 低温电子显微镜结构的计算模型研究表明, 40结合在同一结合袋中,并且40的
吡啶甲基与 OX1R 的相互作用可能有助于其高 OX1R 效力。腹腔注射40可以增加 12 个月大小鼠的清醒时间,减少睡眠时间,并增加睡眠/觉醒巩固。这项工作提供了一种有前途的双重小分子激动剂,并支持食欲素激动剂的开发,作为治疗嗜睡症等食欲素缺乏症的潜在治疗方法。