durability. Herein, a simple heterogeneous Ru(III) catalyst is prepared by immobilizing commercially available RuCl3·xH2O onto a bipyridine-functionalized covalent triazine framework, [bpy-CTF-RuCl3], for the first time. This novel catalyst efficiently hydrogenates CO2 into formate with an unprecedented turnover frequency (38800 h–1) and selectivity. In addition, the catalyst excellently maintains
如今,实现工业上CO 2转化的最重要的目标之一是开发出具有实用性,选择性和耐用性的,切实可行的催化系统。在此,通过将可商购获得的RuCl 3 · x H 2 O首次固定在联吡啶官能化的共价三嗪骨架[bpy-CTF-RuCl 3 ]上,制备了一种简单的多相Ru(III)催化剂。这种新颖的催化剂以前所未有的周转频率(38800 h –1)有效地将CO 2加氢成甲酸。)和选择性。此外,该催化剂在连续运行中极佳地保持了效率,并且在短短2.5小时内产生的最大最终甲酸盐浓度约为2.1 M,相对于CO 2进料而言,转化率为12%。空气稳定性,易于处理,简单,易于使用的金属前体的使用以及出色的催化性能等明显优势使[bpy-CTF-RuCl 3 ]成为实现甲酸大规模生产的可能候选者之一酸/甲酸酯通过CO 2加氢。
Carboxylate-Based, Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids as Efficient Media for Palladium-Catalyzed Homocoupling and Sonogashira-Hagihara Reactions of Aryl Halides
phosphane-free, palladium-catalyzed homocoupling reaction of aryl iodides and bromides. The efficient copper and phosphane-free Sonagashira coupling reaction of aryl iodides and bromides is also demonstrated in these ILs. One of the ILs was also phosphorylated and showed high efficiency and recyclability as a medium, and was also used as a ligand for palladium-catalyzed homocoupling and copper-free Sonogashira
羧酸盐是一种易于制备、廉价且稳定的离子液体 (IL),可作为碱、配体、还原剂和介质,用于无磷烷、钯催化的芳基碘化物和溴化物的均偶联反应。在这些离子液体中也证明了芳基碘化物和溴化物的高效无铜和磷烷 Sonagashira 偶联反应。其中一种 ILs 也被磷酸化并显示出作为介质的高效率和可回收性,并且还用作钯催化的芳基碘化物和溴化物的均偶联和无铜 Sonogashira 反应的配体。
METHODS AND CATALYST SYSTEMS FOR CARBON DIOXIDE CONVERSION
申请人:Lin Hongfei
公开号:US20160137573A1
公开(公告)日:2016-05-19
Disclosed herein are embodiments of a heterogeneous catalyst system and methods of using the same to convert CO
2
-derived compounds to formate, formic acid, or a mixture thereof. The disclosed heterogeneous catalyst systems exhibit superior reactivity and stability in comparison to homogeneous catalyst systems and also can convert a variety of CO
2
-derived compounds to formate, formic acid, or mixtures thereof, in high yields using economical and environmentally friendly reaction conditions.
Preparation of protic ionic liquids with minimal water content and 15N NMR study of proton transfer
作者:Geoffrey L. Burrell、Iko M. Burgar、Frances Separovic、Noel F. Dunlop
DOI:10.1039/b921432a
日期:——
Low-molecular-weight Brønsted acids and amine bases were used to reproducibly prepare very dry, high-purity room-temperature protic ionic liquids (PILs). A series of eight amine bases and six Brønsted acids were combined to produce 48 mixtures, of which 18 were liquid at room temperature. The phase transitions and thermal decomposition temperatures were determined for each mixture; whereas viscosity, density and conductivity were determined for the room-temperature liquids. By utilising 15N NMR it was possible to distinguish between neutral and ionised amine bases (ammonia vs. ammonium-type ion), which indicated that the protic ionic liquids were completely ionised when made as a stoichiometric mixture. However, a Walden plot comparison of fluidity and molar conductivity indicated the majority of PILs had much lower conductivity than predicted by viscosity unless the base contained excess proton-donating groups. This disparity is indicative of protic ionic molecules forming neutral aggregates or non-Newtonian fluid hydrogen-bonded networks with a secondary Grotthuss proton-hopping mechanism arising from polyprotic bases.
The invention relates to a process for preparing formic acid, in which catalytic hydrogenation of carbon dioxide with hydrogen over a catalyst which comprises a metal of groups 8 to 10 of the Periodic Table in the presence of a primary, secondary and/or tertiary amine generates the corresponding ammonium formate and the ammonium formate is split by heating into formic acid and the amine, which comprises selecting the primary, secondary or tertiary amine from the amines of the formula I or mixtures thereof
where R
1
to R
3
are the same or different and are each hydrogen, linear or branched alkyl radicals having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, cycloaliphatic radicals having from 5 to 7 carbon atoms, aryl radicals and/or arylalkyl radicals, and at least one of the R
1
to R
3
radicals bears a hydroxyl group, and
performing the hydrogenation in a solvent which has a boiling point of 105° C. at standard pressure, and
obtaining the formic acid in the reaction mixture from the hydrogenation comprising the high-boiling solvent by thermally splitting the ammonium formate and distilling off the formic acid.