Brønsted Acidity of Substrates Influences the Outcome of Passerini Three-Component Reactions
摘要:
Passerini three-component reactions of aldehydes, isocyanides, and strong carboxylic acids (i.e., pK(a) < 2) yield alpha-acyloxycarboxamides and/or alpha-acylaminocarbox amides, the characteristic products of Ugi four-component reactions. We propose that alpha-acylaminocarboxamide formation with these substrates is a consequence of in situ Bronsted acid-catalyzed reaction of the isocyanide and aldehyde to yield an imine that participates in an Ugi-type reaction. The apparent transfer of the isocyanide alpha-carbon to protic solvents as a formyl group during imine formation is indicative of new isocyanide reactivity.
Catalysis of Ugi Four Component Coupling Reactions by Rare Earth Metal Triflates
作者:Babajide O. Okandeji、Jonathan R. Gordon、Jason K. Sello
DOI:10.1021/jo800745a
日期:2008.7.1
Substoichiometric quantities of scandium and ytterbium triflate increase the yield of Ugi four component coupling reactions of aromatic aldehydes 2- to 7-fold. These rare earth metal triflates enhance the reaction yields primarily via activation of the imine intermediate of this multicomponent reaction.