Enthalpy-entropy correlations in reactions of 2,4-dinitrophenyl benzoate with phenols in the presence of potassium hydrogen carbonate and with potassium phenoxides in dimethylformamide
摘要:
Temperature dependences of the relative reactivity of substituted phenols RC6H4OH in the presence of potassium hydrogen carbonate and of potassium phenoxides RC6H4O-K+ toward 2,4-dinitrophenyl benzoate in dimethylformamide were studied using the competitive reactions technique. Correlation analysis of the relative rate constants k (R)/k (H) and differences in the activation parameters (Delta Delta H (not equal) and Delta Delta S (not equal)) of competitive reactions revealed the existence of two isokinetic series for each type of nucleophiles. The mechanism of transesterification was interpreted in terms of an approach based on analysis of the effect of substituent in the nucleophile on the activation parameters.
Influence of Water Structure on Solvolysis in Water-in-Oil Microemulsions
摘要:
The kinetics of solvolysis of diphenylmethyl chloride, 4-nitrophenyl chloroformate, benzoyl chloride, p-anisoyl chloride, and bis(4-nitrophenyl)carbonate in water/AOT/isooctane microemulsions with various water/surfactant mole ratios W (AOT = sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate) were interpreted by using a pseudophase model in which the substrates are assumed to be distributed between the isooctane and interface phases. The W-dependence of the intrinsic rate constants k for solvolysis at the interface depends on the solvolysis mechanism: for S(N)1 reactions, k decreased with W, which is attributed to decreasing polarity of the interface; contrariwise, S(N)2 reactions are accelerated by decreasing W, which is attributed to increasing nucleophilicity of interfacial water.
Critical Aspects of Heme–Peroxo–Cu Complex Structure and Nature of Proton Source Dictate Metal–O<sub>peroxo</sub> Breakage versus Reductive O–O Cleavage Chemistry
作者:Suzanne M. Adam、Isaac Garcia-Bosch、Andrew W. Schaefer、Savita K. Sharma、Maxime A. Siegler、Edward I. Solomon、Kenneth D. Karlin
DOI:10.1021/jacs.6b11322
日期:2017.1.11
equiv overall required), O-O reductive cleavage occurs, giving water, Fe(III), and Cu(II) products; however, a kinetic study reveals a one-electron rate-determining process, ket = 1.6 M-1 s-1 (-90 °C). The intermediacy of a high-valent [(DCHIm)F8FeIV═O] species is thus implied, and separate experiments show that one-electron reduction-protonation of [(DCHIm)F8FeIV═O] occurs faster (ket2 = 5.0 M-1 s-1)