Preparation of polyfunctional nitro olefins and nitroalkanes using the copper-zinc reagents RCu(CN)ZnI
摘要:
The addition of the copper-zinc reagents RCu(CN)ZnX to a variety of nitro olefins produces polyfunctional nitroalkanes in high yields. The intermediate zinc or copper nitronates can be directly submitted to a Nef reaction (O3,-78-degrees-C) and converted to polyfunctional ketones in a one-pot procedure. The addition of RCu(CN)ZnX to nitro olefins bearing a leaving group (RSO2, RS) in the beta-position provides pure (E)-nitro olefins in excellent yields. The reaction has been applied for the stereoselective preparation of 1,3-nitrodienes and for a Diels-Alder reaction precursor.
Highly stereoselective preparation of nitro olefins and nitro dienes by the addition-elimination of copper-zinc organometallics to β-alkylthio and β-phenylsulfonyl nitro olefins
作者:Carole Retherford、Paul Knochel
DOI:10.1016/s0040-4039(00)79462-7
日期:1991.1
onyl ethylene 2a gave highly functionalized pure (E) nitroolefins and stereoselectively (1E, 3E) and (1E, 3Z)-1-nitrodienes in excellent yields. β-Alkylthio nitroolefins such as 2-ethylthio-1-nitro-1-cyclohexene 2b and 2,2-dimethylthio-1-nitroethylene 12 were found to have a similar behavior. This methodology allowed an expeditive preparation of the triene 5 which underwent an extremely mild silica
Alpha-Halogenoalkyl carboxylates (FG-R1CH(X)(OCOR2); FG = COOR, CN, SR; X = I, Br) were readily prepared by the addition of an acid chloride or bromide (R2COX; X = Br or Cl) to an aldehyde (FG-RCHO) in the presence of a catalytic amount of ZnCl2. They insert efficiently zinc dust in THF-DMSO (X = Br, 8-10-degrees-C, 6-10 h) affording the corresponding zinc organometallics at the a position to oxygen FG-RCH(ZnBr)(OAc). After the addition of the THF-soluble copper salt CuCN.2LiCl, the corresponding copper reagents FG-RCH(Cu(CN)ZnBr)(OAc) are formed and reacted with various classes of electrophiles such as acid chlorides, aldehydes, enones, allylic and alkynyl halides, activated alkynes, nitro olefins and alkylidenemalonates providing polyfunctional molecules in excellent yields. Similarly, zinc organometallics at the a position to the nitrogen of cyclic imides were prepared by the zinc insertion to cyclic alpha-chloromethyl (or alpha-chloroethyl) imides. After their transmetalation to the corresponding copper organometallic ((R1CO)2NCH(R)(Cu(CN)ZnCl); R = Me or H), they were reacted with allylic and alkynyl halides and ethyl propiolate affording polyfunctional imides. The reaction of cyclic N-(chloromethyl)imides with aldehydes in the presence of chromium(II) chloride in THF furnishes protected amino alcohols in 36-95% yield.
Knochel Paul, Chou Tso-Sheng, Jubert Carole, Rajagopal Duddu, J. Org. Chem., 58 (1993) N 3, S 588-599