3β-(4(5)-Imidazolyl)-5α-androstane-11β,17β-diamine, 15, has been synthesized in a multistep process from adrenosterone, 2, starting with lithium ammonia reduction to give 11α,17β-dihydroxy-5α-androstan-3-one, 3, which was converted to its diacetate, 4. Ethynylation at the 3 keto group gave the ethynyl triol 5, purified as its11,17-diacetate 6. Acid catalyzed rearrangement of 6 gave 3-acetyl-5α-androst-2-ene-11α,17β-diol diacetate, 7. This was hydrogenated, and then subjected to base catalyzed hydrolysis and equilibration to give crystalline 3β-acetyl-5α-androstane-11α,17β-diol, 9, which was converted to 3β-acetoxyacetyl-5α-androstane-11α,17β-diol, 10, using lead tetraacetate. After hydrolysis to the triol, 11, the Weidenhagen reaction led to formation of 3β-imidazolyl-5α-androstane-11α,17β-diol, 12. Finally oxidation to the dione, 13, formation of the dioxime, 14, and hydrogénation give 15. As expected 15 is a better catalyst than 17β-(4(5)-imidazolyl-5α-androstane-3β,11β-diamine, 1, for the hydrolysis of aryl esters of acids with hydrophobic substituents, but the effect is small. With 1 there is a marked electrostatic rate enhancement or retardation when charged groups are present on the aryl esters; this effect is much smaller for 15.
3β-(4(5)-
咪唑基)-
5α-雄烷-11β,17β-二胺,15,是从腺酮,2,经过多步合成的,首先进行
锂氨还原得到11α,17β-二羟基-5α-雄甾-3-酮,3,然后转化为其二
乙酸酯,4。在3酮基上进行
乙炔基化得到
乙炔三醇5,纯化为其11,17-二
乙酸酯6。酸催化6的重排得到3-乙酰基-
5α-雄烷-2-烯-11α,17β
-二醇二
乙酸酯,7。这经过氢化,然后经过碱催化
水解和平衡得到结晶的3β-乙酰基-
5α-雄烷-11α,17β
-二醇,9,它被转化为3β-乙酰氧乙酰-
5α-雄烷-11α,17β
-二醇,10,使用四
乙酸铅。
水解为三醇后,11,魏登哈根反应导致形成3β-
咪唑基-
5α-雄烷-11α,17β
-二醇,12。最后氧化为二酮,13,形成二
肟,14,和氢化得到15。如预期的那样,15比17β-(4(5)-
咪唑基-
5α-雄烷-3β,11β-二胺,1,更好地催化含疏
水取代基的芳基酯的
水解,但效果很小。对于1,当芳基酯上存在带电基团时,会出现明显的静电速率增强或减缓;而对于15,这种效应要小得多。