Understanding the Metabolism of Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs): The Next Step toward Pharmaceutical Applications
摘要:
Hetero-bifunctional PROteolysis TArgeting Chimeras (PROTACs) represent a new emerging class of small molecules designed to induce polyubiquitylation and proteasomal-dependent degradation of a target protein. Despite the increasing number of publications about the synthesis, biological evaluation, and mechanism of action of PROTACs, the characterization of the pharmacokinetic properties of this class of compounds is still minimal. Here, we report a study on the metabolism of a series of 40 PROTACs in cryopreserved human hepatocytes at multiple time points. Our results indicated that the metabolism of PROTACs could not be predicted from that of their constituent ligands. Their linkers' chemical nature and length resulted in playing a major role in the PROTACs' liability. A subset of compounds was also tested for metabolism by human cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and human aldehyde oxidase (hAOX) for more in-depth data interpretation, and both enzymes resulted in active PROTAC metabolism.
Enantioselective Linchpin Catalysis by SOMO Catalysis: An Approach to the Asymmetric α-Chlorination of Aldehydes and Terminal Epoxide Formation
作者:Muriel Amatore、Teresa D. Beeson、Sean P. Brown、David W. C. MacMillan
DOI:10.1002/anie.200901855
日期:2009.6.29
Time for SOme MOre: For the first time SOMO (singly occupied molecular orbital) activation has been exploited to allow a new approach to the α‐chlorination of aldehydes. This transformation can be readily implemented as part of a linchpincatalysisapproach to the enantioselective production of terminalepoxides.
SOme MOre 时间:首次利用 SOMO(单占据分子轨道)激活来实现醛的 α-氯化的新方法。这种转化可以很容易地作为对映选择性生产末端环氧化物的关键催化方法的一部分来实现。
Ring‐Opening Amino Esterification of Cyclic Ketones to Access Distal Amino Acid Derivatives
作者:Ishin Tomiya、Yuhao Wu、Kengo Hyodo
DOI:10.1002/adsc.202301421
日期:2024.4.9
synthesizing distal aminoacidderivatives by the ring-opening reaction of cyclic ketones, following the amino esterification functionalization of both terminals. To achieve this goal, we performed the ring-opening reaction of cyclic ketones with an aminating reagent and alcohol under metal- and photocatalysis-free conditions in a single step. The method directly afforded distal aminoacidderivatives bearing