Although cationic surfactants are of general interest for a variety of consumer and biomedical applications, only a limited number of partially fluorinated, single-tailed, cationic surfactants have been synthesized. To study the potential usefulness of fluorinated cationic surfactants for these applications we synthesized a series of partially fluorinated pyridinium bromide surfactants. Three 10-perfluoroalkyldecyl pyridinium surfactants were synthesized by coupling a perfluoroalkyl iodide with 9-decene-1-yl acetate using an AIBN mediated radical reaction. The resulting 9-iodo-10-perfluoroalkyldec-1-yl acetates were deiodinated using HI–Zn–EtOH and hydrolyzed using KOH–EtOH to yield the corresponding 10-perfluoroalkyldecanol. The partially fluorinated alcohol was converted into the bromide using Br2–PPh3. Alkylation of excess pyridine with the bromides gave the desired 10-perfluoroalkyldecyl pyridinium bromides in good yields. Three 10-perfluoroalkylundecyl surfactants were synthesized using a similar approach with 10-undecenoic acid methyl ester as starting material. Based on an initial in vitro toxicity assessment, the toxicity of the partially fluorinated pyridinium surfactants was slightly lower or comparable to benzalkonium chloride, a typically cationic surfactant (with IC50s of tested compounds ranging from 5 to 15 μM). An increase in the length and/or the degree of fluorination of the hydrophobic tail correlated with a mild decrease of cytotoxicity and haemolytic activity. Partially fluorinated pyridinium surfactants may, therefore, be useful for biomedical applications such as components for novel gene and drug delivery systems.
                                    尽管
阳离子表面活性剂在多种消费品和
生物医学应用中备受关注,但只有有限数量的部分
氟化、单尾、
阳离子表面活性剂被合成出来。为了研究
氟化
阳离子表面活性剂在这些应用中的潜在用途,我们合成了一系列部分
氟化的
吡啶溴盐表面活性剂。通过使用AIBN介导的自由基反应,将
全氟烷基
碘与9-
癸烯-1-基
乙酸酯偶联,合成了三种10-
全氟烷基癸基
吡啶溴盐表面活性剂。所得的9-
碘-10-
全氟烷基癸-1-基
乙酸酯通过HI-Zn-EtOH去
碘化并使用KOH-EtOH
水解,生成相应的10-
全氟烷基
癸醇。部分
氟化的醇通过Br2-PPh3转化为
溴化物。使用过量
吡啶与
溴化物烷基化,以良好产率得到了所需的10-
全氟烷基癸基
吡啶溴盐。使用类似的方法,以10-
十一碳烯酸甲酯为起始材料,合成了三种10-
全氟烷基
十一烷基表面活性剂。基于初步体外毒性评估,部分
氟化
吡啶阳离子表面活性剂的毒性略低或与典型的
阳离子表面活性剂苯扎
氯铵相当(测试化合物的IC50值在5至15μM范围内)。疏
水尾部的长度和/或
氟化程度的增加与细胞毒性和溶血活性轻微降低相关。因此,部分
氟化的
吡啶阳离子表面活性剂可能对
生物医学应用有益,如作为新型
基因和药物递送系统的组分。