The simple primary β-amino alcohol catalyzedDiels-Alderreaction of 3-hydroxy-2-pyridones as dienes with N-substituted maleimides to provide the highly substituted optically active isoquinuclidines as a single diastereomers in excellent enantioselectivities (up to 98%) with excellent chemical yields (up to 95%) was demonstrated. A range of simple β-amino alcohols were synthesized from the corresponding
Disclosed herein are prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors that can stabilize hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α), as well as hypoxia inducible factor-2 (HIF-2). Also disclosed herein are pharmaceutical compositions comprising one or more of the disclosed compounds. Yet further disclosed are methods for stimulating the cellular immune response in a mammal such as increasing phagocytosis, for example, prolonging the life of phagocytes, inter alia, kerotyiocytes, neutrophils. As such the disclosed compounds provide methods for treating diseases that relate to the body's immune response.
(+/-)-Validamine and its epimers, (+/-)-2-epi-validamine (DL-5a-carba-alpha-mannopyranosylamine) and (+/-)-2-epi-3-epi-validamine (DL-5a-carba-alpha-altropyranosylamine) were synthesized from a poly-functionalized bicyclolactam that obtained by a base-catalyzed Diels-Alder reaction of N-tosyl-3-hydroxy-2-pyridone and methyl acrylate. All isomers were prepared via a common key intermediate in six or seven steps.