4-Pentenols (dihomoallylic alcohols) are oxidized by cobalt(II)-activated dioxygen in solutions of dimethyl disulfide and cyclohexa-1,4-diene to afford methylsulfanyl (CH3S)-functionalized tetrahydrofurans in up to 74% yield. The reaction is a cascade, composed of oxidative alkenol cyclization providing tetrahydrofuryl-2-methyl radicals, which are trapped in dimethyl disulfide. Homolytic methylsulfanyl substitution by carbon radicals is a slow reaction, as exemplified by the rate constant of kSCH3 = 3 × 104 M−1 s−1 (70 °C) derived from competition kinetics for the reaction between dimethyl disulfide and the trans-2-phenyltetrahydrofuryl-5-methyl radical. Methylsulfanyl-cyclizations therefore are experimentally performed in neat dimethyl disulfide, containing the minimum amount of cyclohexa-1,4-diene necessary for attaining almost quantitative alkenol conversion. The oxidative tetrahydrofuran synthesis occurs with noteworthy (>99%) 2,5-trans-stereoselectivity, as shown by the synthesis of diastereomerically pure 2,3- and 2,3,3-substituted 5-(methylsulfanyl)methyltetrahydrofurans from stereodefined 1,2-di- and 1,2,2-trisubstituted 4-pentenols. Changing the chemical nature of the disulfide reagent or the alkenol extends the scope of alkylsulfanyl-cyclization to ethylsulfanyl-cyclization, allylsulfanyl-transfer, or tetrahydropyran synthesis.
在
二甲基二硫醚和环己-1,4-二烯的溶液中,4-
戊烯醇(二高
烯丙醇)被
钴 (II) 活化的分子氧氧化,得到甲
硫基 (
CH3S) 官能化的
四氢呋喃,产率高达 74%。该反应是一个级联反应,由氧化烯醇环化提供
四氢呋喃基-2-
甲基自由基组成,该自由基被捕获在
二甲基二硫醚中。碳自由基的均解甲
硫基取代是一个缓慢的反应,例如,源自
二甲基二硫醚和反式-2-反应的竞争动力学的速率常数 kSCH3 = 3 × 104 M−1 s−1 (70 °C)苯基
四氢呋喃基-5-甲基基团。因此,甲
硫基环化反应在纯
二甲基二硫醚中进行实验,其中含有实现几乎定量的烯醇转化所需的最小量的环己-1,4-二烯。氧化
四氢呋喃合成具有显着的 (>99%) 2,5-反式立体选择性,如由立体定义的 1 合成非对映体纯的 2,3- 和 2,3,3-取代的 5-(甲
硫基)甲基
四氢呋喃所示, 2-二-和1,2,2-三取代的4-
戊烯醇。改变二
硫化物试剂或烯醇的
化学性质将烷基
硫基环化的范围扩展到乙基
硫基环化、烯丙基
硫基转移或
四氢吡喃合成。