Anodic oxidation of N-acyl and N-alkoxycarbonyl dipeptide esters as a key step for the formation of chiral heterocyclic synthetic building blocks
摘要:
The anodic oxidation of N-protected dipeptide esters using chloride as a redox catalyst can be performed regioselectively at the C-terminal amino acid. With methanol as solvent, glycine as the C-terminal, and L-valine or L-proline as N-terminal amino acid methoxylation at the glycine residue takes place. Deprotection of this product leads to the (3S,6RS)-6-methoxy-2,5-piperazinedione(3) which can be applied as a chiral cationic glycine equivalent. The exchange of the methoxy group by C-nucleophiles takes place with high trans-diastereoselectivity under steric control by the substituent in 3-position. With branched amino acids at the C-terminus of the dipeptide ester the anodic oxidation in acetonitrile/methanol (95:5) as solvent with tetraethylammonium chloride as supporting electrolyte and redox catalyst leads to methyl imidazolidin-4-one-2-carboxylates. The cyclization takes place via the intermediate formation of the N-acylimino ester of the C-terminal amino acid.
Three different electrochemical methods have been applied for the synthesis of chiral building blocks for diastereoselective amidoalkylation reactions. These are A. the direct anodic α-methoxylation of amides and carbamates; B. anodic methoxylative decarboxylation of α-amino acid derivatives (Hofer-Moest reaction) C. indirect NaCl mediated anodic α-methoxylation of α-amino acid derivatives. The application of these building blocks for the synthesis of enantiomerically pure α-amino acids, dichiral 1,2-amino alcohols and chiral 1,3-diamines is described.
3-Triphenylphosphonio-2,5-piperazinediones were effectively synthesized from homochiral valine or proline via Boc-Val-Gly-OMe, Boc-Pro-Gly-OMe or Cbz-Pro-Gly-OMe. Retention of configuration of the primary stereogenic center of the valine and proline moieties was observed. Diastereoselective nucleophilic substitution of the triphenylphosphonium group in 2,5-piperazinediones with S-, N-, P- and C-nucleophiles was observed. The configuration of the substitution products was assigned either by their hydrolysis and decarboxylation or based on the analysis of the H-C(3)-N-H coupling constants of 3-substituted-2,5-piperazinediones derived from proline. The trans-stereoselectivity was predominant in reactions of 3-triphenylphosphonio-1,6-trimethylene-2,5-piperazinediones with the nucleophiles investigated. The stereodifferentiating ability of the proline moiety is much stronger than that of the valine unit and allowed nucleophilic alpha-functionalization of the glycine moiety with good to excellent diastereoselectivity. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The anodic oxidation of N-protected dipeptide esters using chloride as a redox catalyst can be performed regioselectively at the C-terminal amino acid. With methanol as solvent, glycine as the C-terminal, and L-valine or L-proline as N-terminal amino acid methoxylation at the glycine residue takes place. Deprotection of this product leads to the (3S,6RS)-6-methoxy-2,5-piperazinedione(3) which can be applied as a chiral cationic glycine equivalent. The exchange of the methoxy group by C-nucleophiles takes place with high trans-diastereoselectivity under steric control by the substituent in 3-position. With branched amino acids at the C-terminus of the dipeptide ester the anodic oxidation in acetonitrile/methanol (95:5) as solvent with tetraethylammonium chloride as supporting electrolyte and redox catalyst leads to methyl imidazolidin-4-one-2-carboxylates. The cyclization takes place via the intermediate formation of the N-acylimino ester of the C-terminal amino acid.