In this study, we capitalized on the antimicrobial property and low oral bioavailability of known salicylanilide anthelmintics (closantel, rafoxanide, niclosamide, oxyclozanide) to target the gut pathogen. The anthelmintics displayed excellent potency against C. difficile strains 630 and 4118 (with MIC values as low as 0.06-0.13 μg/mL for rafoxanide) via a membrane depolarization mechanism, interestingly, closantel, rafoxanide and compound 8 were bactericidal against logarithmic- and stationary-phase cultures of the BI/NAP1/027 strain 4118. Further evaluation of the salicylanilides showed their preferential activity against Gram-positive over Gram-negative bacteria. Moreover, the salicylanilides were non-hemolytic and were non-toxic to mammalian cell lines HepG2 and HEK 293T/17 within the range of their in vitro MICs and MBCs. The salicylanilide anthelmintics exhibit desirable bactericidal and pharmacokinetic properties and are amenable to repositioning as anti-C. difficile agents.
在本研究中,我们利用已知
水杨酰苯
胺类抗虫药(closantel、rafoxanide、niclosamide、oxyclozanide)的抗菌特性和低口服
生物利用度来靶向肠道病原体。有趣的是,
氯氰碘柳胺、rafoxanide 和化合物 8 对 BI/NAP1/027 菌株 4118 的对数期和静止期培养物具有杀菌作用。对
水杨酰苯胺的进一步评估表明,它们对革兰氏阳性菌的活性优于革兰氏阴性菌。此外,
水杨酰苯胺不溶血,对哺乳动物
细胞系 HepG2 和 HEK 293T/17 在体外 MIC 和 MBC 范围内无毒性。
水杨酰苯
胺类抗虫药表现出理想的杀菌和药代动力学特性,可重新定位为抗艰难梭菌药物。