GPIIb/IIIa Integrin Antagonists with the New Conformational Restriction Unit, Trisubstituted β-Amino Acid Derivatives, and a Substituted Benzamidine Structure
摘要:
Ethyl N- [3 -(2-fluoro-4-(thiazolidin-3-yl(imino)methyl)benzoyl)amino-2,2-dimethylpentanoyl]piperidine-4-acetate 40 (NSL-96184:) is a highly potent and orally active fibrinogen receptor antagonist, which is characterized by the presence of the trisubstituted beta-amino acid residue, 3 -ethyl-2,2-dimethyl-beta-alanine. This compound was developed on the basis of the SAR study of N-[3-(N-4-amidinobenzoyl)amino-2,2-dimethyl-3-phenylpropionyl]piperidine-4-acetic acid 1 (NSL-95301) with the derivatization focused on the central trisubstituted beta-amino acid unit as well as the basic amidinobenzoyl unit, and the esterification of the carboxyl group for prodrug composition, Compound 1, which was report;ed in our previous study, was discovered by the application of combinatorial chemistry. The molecular modeling study suggests that the trisubstituted beta-amino acid unit is responsible for fixing the molecule to its active conformation. Compound 40 showed an excellent profile in the in vitro and in vivo studies for its human platelet aggregation inhibitory activity and oral availability in guinea pigs. This oral availability largely depends on the modification of the amidino group with a cyclic secondary amine, i.e., thiazolidine in 40. In in vivo studies, the onset of the antiplatelet action of 40 is very fast after oral administration, whereas its duration of action is relatively short. These results suggest that 40 has an excellent therapeutic potential, especially for antithrombotic treatment in the acute phase. 3-Substituted-2,2-dimethyl-beta-amino acid residues would serve as new and useful linear templates to restrict the conformational flexibility of peptidomimetics.
Silyl Imine Electrophiles in Enantioselective Catalysis: A Rosetta Stone for Peptide Homologation, Enabling Diverse <i>N</i>-Protected Aryl Glycines from Aldehydes in Three Steps
作者:Dawn M. Makley、Jeffrey N. Johnston
DOI:10.1021/ol501297a
日期:2014.6.6
es serve in the Bis(AMidine)-catalyzed addition of bromonitromethane with a high degree of enantioselection. This allows for the production of a range of protected α-bromo nitroalkane donors (including Fmoc) for use in Umpolung Amide Synthesis (UmAS). Hence, peptide homologation with nonnatural aryl glycine amino acids is achieved in three steps from aromaticaldehydes, which are plentiful and inexpensive
AbstractThis paper reports the synthesis of a series of N‐protected oxaziridines (N‐Moc, Boc, Z or Fmoc) and discusses their ability to deliver their N‐alkoxycar‐bonyl fragment to amines, enolates, sulfur, and phosphorus nucleophiles (electrophilic amination). These oxaziridines are prepared by oxidation of the corresponding imines with oxone or anhydrous MCPBA lithium salt as the source of oxygen. They transfer their N‐protected fragment to primary and secondary amines to give protected hydrazines in fair to excellent yield. The nitrogen transfer to free amino acids (in form of their R4N+ salts) is particularly fast, even at low temperature, providing L (or D) N‐protected α‐hydrazino acids. Enolates are C‐aminated to give N‐protected α‐amino ketones, esters, or amides in modest yield, due to a side aldol reaction of the unreacted enolate with the released benzaldehyde. With tertiary amines (Et3N), sulfides (PhSMe), and phosphines (Ph3P), amination and oxidation proceed in a parallel way; the amount of amination product increases when the temperature is lowered (kinetic control). Some of the factors that can orient the oxaziridine reactivity towards amination or oxidation of nucleophiles are considered.