Palladium-Catalyzed Regioselective Alkynylation of Pyrroles and Azoles under Mild Conditions: Application to the Synthesis of a Dopamine D-4 Receptor Agonist
摘要:
A mild and general method for the direct alkynylation of azoles such as pyrrole, indole, and 7-azaindole is described here. Using a simple catalytic system such as Pd(OAc)(2) (2.5 mol %), P(tBu)(2)Me center dot HBF4 (5 mol %), and NaOAc (2 equiv) allowed the regioselective introduction of various alkynyl residues at the C-2 position of pyrroles. Interestingly, C-2 alkynylation was also observed on C-3-substituted indoles, whereas classical C-3 alkynylation was obtained on selected unsubstituted indoles and 7-azaindole. Our methodology has been illustrated by the efficient synthesis of a potential schizophrenia drug (dopamine D-4 inhibitor).
Palladium-catalyzed direct oxidative Heck–Cassar–Sonogashira type alkynylation of indoles with alkynes under oxygen
作者:Luo Yang、Liang Zhao、Chao-Jun Li
DOI:10.1039/c0cc00014k
日期:——
A novel Pd(II) catalyzed direct oxidative Heck-Cassar-Sonogashira type alkynylation of indoles with terminal alkynes under an atmosphere of O(2) is developed. Unlike previous methods, the reaction does not require the pregeneration of indolyl halide or alkynyl halide. Furthermore, only a catalytic amount of base is required and oxygen was used as the ultimate "green" terminal oxidant.