Xanthate Transfer Cyclization of Glycolic Acid-Derived Radicals. Synthesis of Five- to Eight-Membered Ring Ethers
摘要:
A novel method for the preparation of functionalized five- to eight-membered ring ethers is described. This method involves the xanthate transfer radical cyclization of 2-(alken-1-oxy)-2-[(ethoxythio-carbonyl)sulfanyl]acetic acid methyl esters 6 to give good yields of xanthate-substituted five- to eight-membered ethers 7 and/or 8, depending on the length of the carbon chain. These cyclic ethers are usually obtained as mixtures of diastereomers. The cyclizations are performed at 150-160 degrees C in tert-butylbenzene with di-tert-butyl peroxide as the initiator. This group-transfer radical cyclization was successfully applied in a total synthesis of lauthisan (44). The use of benzoyl xanthate (56) as a catalyst allows a visible light-induced xanthate transfer cyclization to a tetrahydrofuran in high yield.
Xanthate Transfer Cyclization of Glycolic Acid-Derived Radicals. Synthesis of Five- to Eight-Membered Ring Ethers
摘要:
A novel method for the preparation of functionalized five- to eight-membered ring ethers is described. This method involves the xanthate transfer radical cyclization of 2-(alken-1-oxy)-2-[(ethoxythio-carbonyl)sulfanyl]acetic acid methyl esters 6 to give good yields of xanthate-substituted five- to eight-membered ethers 7 and/or 8, depending on the length of the carbon chain. These cyclic ethers are usually obtained as mixtures of diastereomers. The cyclizations are performed at 150-160 degrees C in tert-butylbenzene with di-tert-butyl peroxide as the initiator. This group-transfer radical cyclization was successfully applied in a total synthesis of lauthisan (44). The use of benzoyl xanthate (56) as a catalyst allows a visible light-induced xanthate transfer cyclization to a tetrahydrofuran in high yield.
Transition Metal-Catalyzed, Chlorine-Transfer Radical Cyclizations of 2-(3-Alken-1-oxy)-2-Chloroacetates. Formal Total Synthesis of Avenaciolide and Isoavenaciolide
作者:Jan H. Udding、Kees C. J. M. Tuijp、Marco N. A. van Zanden、Henk Hiemstra、W. Nico Speckamp
DOI:10.1021/jo00087a011
日期:1994.4
A novel method for the synthesis of functionalized tetrahydrofurans is described. This method involves the treatment of 2-(3-alken-1-oxy)-2-chloroacetates 1 with a catalytic amount of Cu(bpy)Cl in refluxing 1,2-dichloroethane to give good yields of 3-(1-chloroalkyl)-2-tetrahydrofuran carboxylic esters 2. The stereochemical course of the radical cyclizations shows a-preference for the formation of 2,3-cis-substituted tetrahydrofurans in all cases. This selectivity is exploited in the formation of bicyclic lactones which form spontaneously upon ester hydrolysis. As an application of this methodology a formal total synthesis of avenaciolide (28) and isoavenaciolide (29) is described.
π-Cyclizations of α-methoxycarbonyl oxycarbenium ions; synthesis of oxacyclic carboxylic esters
Acid-mediated cyclization reactions are described of seven methyl 2-acetoxy-2-(3-alken-1-oxy)acetates with different chain substitution. The major product of the tin tetrachloride-induced cyclization reaction is in most cases a tetrahydropyran containing an equatorial carbomethoxy function at C2 and an axial chlorine atom at C4. The mechanism of its formation involves a net cis-addition of the intermediate alpha-ester oxycarbenium ion to the carbon-carbon double bond, most likely caused by a quasi axial orientation of the ester function in a chair-like transition state. The results are interpreted by invoking (1) the occurrence of a 2-oxonia-Cope rearrangement and (2) the participation of the ester function in the mechanism of cyclization by trapping the cyclic cationic intermediate. The cyclizations of two methyl 2-acetoxy-2-(4-alken-1-oxy)acetates and two methyl 2-acetoxy-2-(alkynoxy)acetates are also described .
Synthesis of oxacyclic carboxylic esters by way of methoxycarbonyloxonium ions; Evidence for a cationic oxa-cope rearrangement
作者:Lucie D.M. Lolkema、Henk Hiemstra、Hendrik H. Mooiweer、W.Nico Speckamp
DOI:10.1016/s0040-4039(00)82348-5
日期:1988.1
LOLKEMA, LUCIE D. M.;HIEMSTRA, HENK;MOOIWEER, HENDRIK H.;SPECKAMP, W. NIC+, TETRAHEDRON LETT., 29,(1988) N 48, C. 6365-6368
作者:LOLKEMA, LUCIE D. M.、HIEMSTRA, HENK、MOOIWEER, HENDRIK H.、SPECKAMP, W. NIC+