Discovery of a Brain-Penetrant S1P3-Sparing Direct Agonist of the S1P1 and S1P5 Receptors Efficacious at Low Oral Dose
摘要:
2-Amino-2-(4-octylphenethyl)propane-1,3-diol 1 (fingolimod, FTY720) has been recently marketed in the United States for the treatment of patients with remitting relapsing multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Its efficacy has been primarily linked to the agonism on T cells of S1P(1), one of the five sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) G-protein-coupled receptors, while its cardiovascular side effects have been associated with activity at S1P(3). Emerging data suggest that the ability of this molecule to cross the blood-brain barrier and to interact with both S1P(1) and S1P(5) in the central nervous system (CNS) may contribute to its efficacy in treating patients with RAMS. We have recently disclosed the structure of an advanced, first generation S1P(3)-sparing S1P(1) agonist, a zwitterion with limited CNS exposure. In this Article, we highlight our strategy toward the identification of CNS-penetrant S1P(3)-sparing S1P(1) and S1P5 agonists resulting in the discovery of 5-(3-{2-[2-hydroxy-1- (hydroxymethyl)ethyl]-5-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6-isoquinolinyl}-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-2-[(1-methylethyl)oxy]benzonitrile 15. Its exceptional in vivo potency and good pharmacokinetic properties translate into a very low predicted therapeutic dose in human (< 1 mg p.o. once daily).
A Study of Baker's Yeast Reduction of Piperidone-carboxylates.
摘要:
The stereoselective baker's yeast reduction of various N-protected piperidone-carboxylic acids have been studied, and the enantioselectivity was found to be widely dependent on whether fermenting or non-fermenting conditions were employed. Thus reaction of N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-4-oxopiperidine-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (6) with fermenting baker's yeast gave almost racemic N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-4-hydroxypiperidine-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (7), however, with complete diastereoselectivity. Reduction of 6 with non-fermenting yeast gave 7 with a 24-41% enantiomeric excess. Similarly, reduction of N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-3-oxopiperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (17) with fermenting baker's yeast gave racemic N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-3-hydroxypiperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester [(+/-)-18] diastereoselectively. A convenient method for determining the enantiomeric excess of the hydroxypiperidine carboxylic acids derivatives was found in the reaction with Sanger's reagent followed by HPLC on a chiral column.
The present invention relates to compounds that inhibit KRas G12C. In particular, the present invention relates to compounds that irreversibly inhibit the activity of KRas G12C, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds and methods of use therefor.
The present invention relates to compounds that inhibit KRas G12C. In particular, the present invention relates to compounds that irreversibly inhibit the activity of KRas G12C, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds and methods of use therefor.