9-乙酰基-2-氯咔唑 | 10537-09-4

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机杂环化合物 - 吲哚及其衍生物
• 中文名称: 9-乙酰基-2-氯咔唑
• 英文名称: 1-(2-chloro-9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethanone
• 英文别名: 1-(2-chloro-9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethan-1-one；1-(2-chlorocarbazol-9-yl)ethanone
• CAS: 10537-09-4
• 化学式: C₁₄H₁₀ClNO
• 分子量: 243.692
• InChiKey: PJBQWZTXWVRKML-UHFFFAOYSA-N

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  3.8
• 重原子数：
  17
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  3.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.07
• 拓扑面积：
  22
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  1

反应信息

• 作为产物：
  描述：

  在 氧气 、 palladium diacetate 、 溶剂黄146 作用下， 120.0 ℃ 、101.33 kPa 条件下， 以75 %的产率得到9-乙酰基-2-氯咔唑
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Wang, Si-Chang; Han, Qi-Long; Xin, Meng, Indian Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, 2022, vol. 32, # 4, p. 507 - 516

  摘要：

  DOI：

文献信息

• Electrochemical Dehydrogenative C(sp ² )−H Amination
  作者：Mahesh Puthanveedu、Vladislav Khamraev、Lukas Brieger、Carsten Strohmann、Andrey P. Antonchick

  DOI：10.1002/chem.202100960

  日期：2021.5.26

  A transition-metal-free direct electrolytic C−H amination involving an electrochemically generated nitrenium ion intermediate has been developed. The electrosynthesis takes place in the absence of any organoiodine catalysts and is enabled by an in situ generated electrolyte. A novel, efficient intramolecular and intermolecular C−H amination has been demonstrated using a simple reaction setup.

  开发了一种不含过渡金属的直接电解 C−H 胺化反应，涉及电化学生成的氮离子中间体。电合成在没有任何有机碘催化剂的情况下进行，并通过原位产生的电解质实现。使用简单的反应装置证明了一种新颖、有效的分子内和分子间 C−H 胺化。
• Organocatalytic, Oxidative, Intramolecular CH Bond Amination and Metal-free Cross-Amination of Unactivated Arenes at Ambient Temperature
  作者：Andrey P. Antonchick、Rajarshi Samanta、Katharina Kulikov、Jonas Lategahn

  DOI：10.1002/anie.201102984

  日期：2011.9.5

  atom‐economical and environmentally friendly organocatalytic method for intramolecular CH amination, the CN bond forms at ambient temperature by abstraction of two atoms of hydrogen; only acetic acid and water are formed as by‐products. The method has also been extended to the unprecedented metal‐free cross‐amination of nonactivated arenes.

  I的瞬间：在一种新的原子经济且环保的有机催化分子内CH胺化方法中，CN键在环境温度下通过夺取两个氢原子形成。仅生成乙酸和水作为副产物。该方法也已扩展到非活化芳烃的前所未有的无金属交叉胺化反应。
• Transition-metal-free and organic solvent-free conversion of <i>N</i>-substituted 2-aminobiaryls into corresponding carbazoles <i>via</i> intramolecular oxidative radical cyclization induced by peroxodisulfate
  作者：Palani Natarajan、Priya Priya、Deachen Chuskit

  DOI：10.1039/c7gc03130k

  日期：——

  benign approach for the synthesis of N-substituted carbazoles from analogous 2-aminobiaryls using peroxodisulfate in water is reported. The reactions proceeded through an intramolecular oxidative radical cyclization of N-substituted 2-aminobiaryls with in situ reoxidation of the resulting radical species. When compared to known methods for the synthesis of N-substituted carbazoles from 2-amidobiaryls, this

  报道了在水中使用过二硫酸盐从类似的2-氨基联芳基合成N-取代的咔唑的原子经济和环境友好的方法。该反应通过N-取代的2-氨基联芳基的分子内氧化自由基环化进行，并且原位再氧化所得的自由基物质。当与从2-酰胺基二芳基合成N-取代的咔唑的已知方法相比时，该方案是实用，有效的并且不需要过渡金属催化剂或有毒的有机溶剂。
• Pd(II)/Lewis Acid Catalyzed Intramolecular Oxidative C−H Amination to Construct Carbazoles with Dioxygen
  作者：Hongwu Jiang、Kaiwen Li、Shuangfeng Dong、Zhuqi Chen、Guochuan Yin

  DOI：10.1002/ejoc.202300598

  日期：2023.9.14

  Transition‐metal‐catalyzed oxidative C−H amination reactions are among the most attractive topics in organic synthesis to construct nitrogen‐containing motifs. The challenge is that most of these reactions employed stoichiometric oxidants to achieve satisfied catalytic efficiencies. Herein, we report a Pd(II)/LA‐catalyzed (LA: Lewis acid) oxidative C−H amination reaction of 2‐acetaminobiphenyls to construct carbazoles by using dioxygen balloon as the sole oxidant source, and the presence of LA sharply improved the catalytic efficiency of Pd(OAc)₂. Remarkably, in certain cases, the deacetylation of the annulation product happened under standard conditions to afford free carbazoles as the final product. The H/D exchange studies confirmed the reversibility of C−H activation and also disclosed multiple C−H activation sites by using −NAc and −NTs as the directing groups. In addition, the palladacycle compound was identified through ¹H NMR characterizations and proved to be the intermediate prior to the carbazole formation.

  摘要 过渡金属催化的氧化 C-H amination 反应是有机合成中构建含氮基团最有吸引力的课题之一。面临的挑战是，这些反应中的大多数都需要使用一定比例的氧化剂才能达到满意的催化效率。在此，我们报告了一种 Pd（II）/LA 催化（LA：路易斯酸）的 2-acetaminobiphenyls 氧化 C-H amination 反应，该反应以二氧气球作为唯一的氧化剂源来构建咔唑，LA 的存在极大地提高了 Pd（OAc）2 的催化效率。值得注意的是，在某些情况下，环化产物会在标准条件下发生脱乙酰化反应，从而得到游离的咔唑作为最终产物。H/D交换研究证实了C-H活化的可逆性，并通过使用-NAc和-NTs作为引导基团，发现了多个C-H活化位点。此外，通过 1H NMR 表征确定了帕拉代环化合物，并证明它是咔唑形成之前的中间体。