Informational rigidity in mesitylene-based calix[4]arenes adopting a 1,3-alternate conformation
摘要:
Two chiral derivatives of a mesitylene-based calix[4]arene known to exist in the 1,3-alternate conformation were prepared by the attachment of homochiral residues to the four exo-hydroxy groups. Thus, the enantiotopic protons of the central scaffold became diastereotopic, leading to a doubling of their H-1 NMR signals in one example. From the temperature independence of the NR IR spectrum, a lower limit of 24.2 kcal/mol could be estimated for the barrier of ring inversion. MM3 calculations confirm the 1,3-alternate conformation as the energy minimum, and estimate a barrier of 25.7 kcal/mol for the 1,3-alternate-to-1,3-alternate* interconversion process. This high barrier is due to the repulsive steric interactions between exo-methyl groups at vicinal rings when these groups pass each other. (C), 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
ipso-Nitration of t-butyl calix[4]arene tetraethers and subsequent hydrogenation provides an easy access to monoamino calix[4]arenes. Reaction with di- and triacid chlorides leads to various double- and triple-calix[4]arenes. With tetra-acid chlorides derived from calix[4]arenes in the cone- or 1,3-alternate-conformations penta-calix[4]arenes are available as molecularly uniform species, which may be regarded as the first generation of calix[4]arene based dendrimers. The structure of the mononitro tetraester derivative, which may serve as a general building block has been confirmed by single crystal X-ray analysis. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.