Syntheses, Binding Properties, and Structures of Seven New Hemicarcerands Each Composed of Two Bowls Bridged by Three Tetramethylenedioxy Groups and a Fourth Unique Linkage1,2
摘要:
Treatment of 2 mol of the bowl-shaped tetrol 1 (derived originally from resorcinol and dihydrocinnamaldehyde) with 3 mol of Ts(6)(CH2)(4)OTs gave diol 2. Eight compounds with different combinations of bridges were formed from 2 by treatment with Cs2CO3 and the following reagents in the presence of potential guests to give either free or complexed hemicarcerands as follows: ClCH2Br gave 4; TsO(CH2)(2)OTs gave 5; TsO(CH2)(3)OTs gave 6; MsO(CH2)(4)OMs gave 7, a known system; MsO(CH2)(5)OMs gave 8; 2,3-bis(bromomethyl)quinoxaline gave 9; 1,3-(ClCH2)(2)C6H4 gave 10; 2,6-bis(chloromethyl)pyridine gave 11. Thirty-six fully characterized new hemicarceplexes are reported which were prepared either directly from diol 2 by the ''sealing in'' of the guest during introduction of the fourth bridge, or by guest exchange driven by mass law at 25 to 160 degrees C. The guests ranged in size from CHCl3 to 1,2,3-(MeO)(3)C6H3. The incarcerated guests correlated with portal sizes of their hosts. Crystal structures of 8.4-MeC(6)H(4)OMe and 10.CHCl3 were determined. Changes in chemical shifts in H-1 NMR spectra of incarcerated and free guests are interpreted in terms of their locations in the hosts' inner phases. The length and nature of the unique host bridge affects the chemical shifts of the other bridges. Force field calculations of structural models for N-methylpyrrolidinone incarcerated in 4-7 were made. Approximate half-lives for decomplexation were determined for complexes involving the larger hosts and guests. Force-field calculations were made of binding energies and activation energies for decomplexations of models of 7.N-methylpyrrolidinone, 8.N-methylpyrrolidinone, and 10.N-methylpyrrolidinone. The activation energies for decomplexation were dissected into intrinsic and constrictive components.
Inner-Phase Reaction Dynamics: The Influence of Hemicarcerand Polarizability and Shape on the Potential Energy Surface of an Inner-Phase Reaction
作者:Sigifredo Sánchez Carrera、Jean-Luc Kerdelhué、Kevin J. Langenwalter、Neil Brown、Ralf Warmuth
DOI:10.1002/ejoc.200400578
日期:2005.6
absorption spectra. From the red shifts and from plots of the n-π*-excitation energy of the free diazirines against the solvent polarizability P, the inner-phase polarizability was estimated. P ranges from 0.39 to 0.58 and is larger than the polarizabilities of common organic solvents. A comparison of the activation parameters ΔH , TΔS , and ΔG for the diazirine decomposition in the innerphase with those in
Mapping the Potential Energy Surface of the Tolylcarbene Rearrangement in the Inner Phase of a Hemicarcerand
作者:Jean-Luc Kerdelhué,、Kevin J. Langenwalter、Ralf Warmuth
DOI:10.1021/ja027831k
日期:2003.1.1
Chem. 2002, 67, 2532-2540). The slightly higher innerphaseactivation free energy of the 3b to 18 rearrangement is explained through steric constraints imposed by the surrounding hemicarcerand on the transition state. The enthalpy-entropy compensation observed for the 3b to 18 rearrangement is discussed and interpreted as a result of a hemicarcerand and solvent reorganization along the reaction coordinate