Development of Serine Protease Inhibitors Displaying a Multicentered Short (<2.3 Å) Hydrogen Bond Binding Mode: Inhibitors of Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator and Factor Xa
摘要:
Novel scaffolds that bind to serine proteases through a unique network of short hydrogen bonds to the catalytic Ser195 have been developed. The resulting potent serine protease inhibitors were designed from lead molecule 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)1H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxamidine, 6b, which is known to display several modes of binding. For instance, 6b can recruit zinc and bind in a manner similar to that reported by bis(5-amidino-2-benzimidazolyl)methane (BABIM) (Nature 1998, 391, 608-612).(1) Alternatively, 6b can bind in the absence of zinc through a multicentered network of short (<2.3 Angstrom) hydrogen bonds. The lead structure was optimized in the zinc-independent binding mode toward a panel of six human serine proteases to yield optimized inhibitors such as 2-(3-bromo-2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-1H-indole-5-carboxamidine, 22a, and 2-(2-hydroxybiphenyl-3-yl)-1H-indole-5-carboxamidine, 22f. Structure-activity relationships determined that, apart from the amidine function, an indole or benzimidazole and an ortho substituted phenol group were also essential components for optimal potency. The affinities (K-i) of 22a and 22f, for example, bearing these groups ranged from 8 to 600 nM toward a panel of six human serine proteases. High-resolution crystal structures revealed that the binding mode of these molecules in several of the enzymes was identical to that of 6b and involved short (<2.3 Angstrom) hydrogen bonds among the inhibitor hydroxyl oxygen, Ser195, and a water molecule trapped in the oxyanion hole. In summation, novel and potent trypsin-like serine protease inhibitors possessing a unique mode of binding have been discovered.
Derivatives of 5-amidine indole as inhibitors of thrombin catalytic activity
摘要:
Substituted 5-amidine indoles were constructed based upon a computational analysis of putative modes of binding to thrombin utilizing coordinates from the crystal structure of BMS-183,507-alpha-thrombin complex. These analogs display competitive kinetics for the inhibition of human cr-thrombin. The most potent member of this series 17, shows marked potency for thrombin with an inhibition constant, K-i of 260 nM. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd
Transition-metal-free synthesis of indole-fused dibenzo[b,f][1,4]oxazepines via Smiles rearrangement
作者:Fangdong Hu、Huanhuan Liu、Jiong Jia、Chen Ma
DOI:10.1039/c6ob02098d
日期:——
transition-metal-free approach for the synthesis of indole-fused dibenzo[b,f][1,4]oxazepines from 2-(1H-indol-2-yl)phenol and 1,2-dihalobenzenes or 2 halonitroarenes has been developed. The proposed mechanism for this transformation features a Smiles rearrangement favoured over a direct intramolecular nucleophilic cyclization, which affords the corresponding products in different regioselectivities
One-Pot Highly Regioselective Synthesis of Indole-Fused Pyridazino[4,5-b][1,4]benzoxazepin-4(3H)-ones by a Smiles Rearrangement
作者:Xiaolei Jiang、Fangdong Hu
DOI:10.1055/s-0037-1609338
日期:2018.6
A simple and convenient synthesis of indole-fused pyridazino[4,5-b][1,4]benzoxazepin-4(3H)-ones is described. A range of 2-(1H-indol-2-yl)phenols and 4,5-dichloropyridazin-3-ones are compatible with this reaction. A Smiles rearrangement is proposed as a key step in the highly regioselective construction of the products. The easy availability of the starting materials makes this an appealing method
Described herein is the first synthesis of fluoroalkylated benzimidazole- or indole-fused benzoxazines by using fluoroalkylated propiolates as building blocks. The benzimidazole-fused products were obtained by a convenient one-pot two-step process, a feature that may make this protocol attractive. The incorporation of a fluoroalkyl group into these heterocycles may provide more opportunities for drug
A new palladium-catalyzed annulative allylic alkylation (AAA) reaction of 2-(indol-2-yl)phenols with dual allylic electrophiles such as isobutylene dicarbonate and butene dicarbonate is described, leading to the regioselective synthesis of tetracyclic medium-sized cyclic ethers possessing a bridged aryl-indole scaffold, namely, benzo[2,3]oxocino[4,5-b]indoles and benzo[2,3]oxepino[4,5-b]indoles, in
描述了一种新的钯催化的2-(吲哚-2-基)苯酚与二碳酸异丁烯和二碳酸丁烯等双烯丙基亲电子试剂的环烯丙基烷基化 (AAA) 反应,导致四环中等尺寸环醚的区域选择性合成桥联芳基吲哚支架,即苯并[2,3]氧辛基[4,5- b ]吲哚和苯并[2,3]氧吡啶[4,5- b ]吲哚,产率良好至优异。该方案展示了广泛的底物范围、与取代基的良好兼容性和高区域选择性,为创建桥联芳基吲哚骨架提供了一种催化和灵活的方法。