2-(hydroxymethyl)-1-methyl-5-nitropyrrole | 27050-96-0

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机1,3-偶极化合物 - 烯丙基型1,3-偶极有机化合物
• 英文名称: 2-(hydroxymethyl)-1-methyl-5-nitropyrrole
• 英文别名: 2-hydroxymethyl-1-methyl-5-nitropyrrole；(1-methyl-5-nitropyrrol-2-yl)methanol
• CAS: 27050-96-0
• 化学式: C₆H₈N₂O₃
• 分子量: 156.141
• InChiKey: NNYCEIONMMLHNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N

物化性质

• 熔点：
  76-77 °C(Solv: ethyl acetate (141-78-6); ligroine (8032-32-4))
• 沸点：
  342.6±27.0 °C(Predicted)
• 密度：
  1.38±0.1 g/cm3(Predicted)

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  0
• 重原子数：
  11
• 可旋转键数：
  1
• 环数：
  1.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.33
• 拓扑面积：
  71
• 氢给体数：
  1
• 氢受体数：
  3

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  2-(hydroxymethyl)-1-methyl-5-nitropyrrole 在 盐酸 、 草酰氯 、 溴 、 三乙胺 、 N,N-二异丙基乙胺 、 三苯基膦 作用下， 以 四氢呋喃 、 1,4-二氧六环 、 N,N-二甲基甲酰胺 、 乙腈 为溶剂， 反应 34.58h， 生成 (E)-1-(5-amino-1-(chloromethyl)-1H-benzo[e]indol-3(2H)-yl)-3-(4-((methyl((1-methyl-5-nitro-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methyl)amino)methyl)phenyl)prop-2-en-1-one dihydrochloride
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Weight loss effects of quaternary salts of 5-amino-1-(chloromethyl)-1,2-dihydro-3H-benz[e]indoles; structure–activity relationships

  摘要：

  Quaternary salt analogues based on the DNA minor groove binder and adenine N3 alkylating agent 5-amino-1-(chloromethyl)-1,2-dihydro-3H-benz[e]indole (aminoCBI) show remarkable effects on the body weight of mice (a long-term failure to gain weight relative to matched controls with no loss of appetite or perceptible deterioration in health) following administration of a single (non-toxic) dose between about 0.5-5 mu mol/kg. The nature of the quaternizing group was not important, but a related hydroxyCBI analogue was much less effective. Compounds where the chloro group was replaced by a hydrogen or hydroxy group (thus abrogating DNA alkylating capability) showed no weight control activity. It is speculated, based on other studies, that the marked long-term weight control effect is due to inhibition of bile flow into the intestine and reduced absorption of triglycerides, together with accelerated cell death in spleen and white adipose tissues due to drug accumulation there. This class of compound may serve as interesting tools for further study of these phenomena. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  DOI：

  10.1016/j.bmc.2011.12.007
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  1-methyl-5-nitropyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde 在 sodium tetrahydroborate 作用下， 以 甲醇 为溶剂， 反应 0.33h， 以97%的产率得到2-(hydroxymethyl)-1-methyl-5-nitropyrrole
  参考文献：
  名称：

  缺氧选择性抗肿瘤药。16.作为烷基化剂甲乙胺的生物还原性前药的硝基芳基甲基季盐。

  摘要：

  氮芥子碱的硝基苄基季盐先前已报道为低氧选择性细胞毒素。在本文中，我们描述了一系列杂环类似物的合成和评估，包括吡咯，咪唑，噻吩和吡唑的例子，这些例子被选择来涵盖一系列单电子还原电势（从-277至-511 mV）和取代模式。所有季盐化合物在体外的毒性均比甲乙胺低，并且在低氧条件下的毒性都比有氧条件下的毒性更高，尽管该系列中的差异差异很大。最有希望的类似物咪唑2在低氧的RIF-1细胞中表现出选择性的DNA交联，并且在体内与放射线或顺铂联合具有活性。但是，2在体内也产生了无法预测的毒性，

  DOI：

  10.1021/jm010202l

文献信息

• Synthesis and Evaluation of Nitroheterocyclic Carbamate Prodrugs for Use with Nitroreductase-Mediated Gene-Directed Enzyme Prodrug Therapy
  作者：Michael P. Hay、Robert F. Anderson、Dianne M. Ferry、William R. Wilson、William A. Denny

  DOI：10.1021/jm030308b

  日期：2003.12.1

  carbamate prodrugs of phenylenediamine mustard and 5-amino-1-(chloromethyl)-3-[(5,6,7-trimethoxyindol-2-yl)carbonyl]-1,2-dihydro-3H- benz[e]indoline (amino-seco-CBI-TMI), covering a wide range of reduction potential, were prepared and evaluated for use in gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (GDEPT) using a two-electron nitroreductase (NTR) from Escherichia coli B. The carbamate prodrugs and corresponding

  苯二胺芥末的1-甲基-2-硝基咪唑-5-氨基甲酸氨基甲酸酯被EMT6-NTR（neo）快速代谢，但未被EMT6细胞代谢，表明它是NTR的有效底物。尽管如此，苯二胺芥末的氨基甲酸酯在IC（50）分析中对NTR + ve细胞显示出相对较低的细胞毒性差异，显然是因为它们保留了足够的烷基化反应性，因此大多数前药在药物暴露期间会与亲核试剂反应。相反，相应的氨基-seco-CBI-TMI前药的NTR底物效率较低，但化学稳定性更高，效力更高，并且在细胞系面板中显示出相当大的NTR-ve / NTR + ve比，比例为15氨基-seco-CBI-TMI的1-甲基-2-硝基-1H-咪唑-5-基甲基和1-甲基-5-硝基-1H-咪唑-2-基甲基氨基甲酸酯的100倍。评估了这两种前药对表达NTR的EMT6肿瘤的活性，其中EMT6肿瘤约占10％。10％NTR + ve细胞。观察到对NTR + ve细胞的杀伤作用很小
• Radiation-activated cytotoxin therapy of neoplastic disease
  申请人：Auckland Uniservices Limited

  公开号：US06071908A1

  公开（公告）日：2000-06-06

  A method of treating neoplastic disease wherein a patient in need of such treatment is administered an effective amount of a radiation-activated cytotoxin prodrug (RACP) which has low toxicity, which is reducible by reducing agents generated by the radiolysis of water and which, upon reduction, releases a sufficient amount of a cytotoxic effector of sufficient cytotoxic potency to kill tumor cells. The tumor cells are irradiated with ionizing radiation to reduce the prodrug which is present at the locus of the tumor cells to release the cytotoxic effector.

  一种治疗肿瘤性疾病的方法，其中需要接受治疗的患者被给予低毒性的放射活化细胞毒素前药(RACP)的有效剂量，该前药可以通过水的辐解生成的还原剂还原，它的毒性较低，还原后释放足够的细胞毒素，具有足够的细胞毒性杀死肿瘤细胞。肿瘤细胞被电离辐射以还原存在于肿瘤细胞处的前药，释放细胞毒素。
• Radiation-activated cytotoxin therapy
  申请人：AUCKLAND UNISERVICES LIMITED

  公开号：EP1225169A1

  公开（公告）日：2002-07-24

  A method of treating neoplastic disease which comprises the steps of: (a) administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of a radiation-activated cytotoxin prodrug (RACP) which has low toxicity, which can be reduced by reducing agents generated by the radiolysis of water (the equated electron and/or the hydrogen radical) and which, upon reduction, releases a sufficient amount of an effector of sufficient cytotoxic potency to kill tumour cells; and (b) irradiating said tumour cells to reduce the prodrug which is present at the locus of said tumour cells to release said cytotoxic effector. In preferred embodiments, the RACP is of formula (I), (VI), (VII) or (VIII).

  一种治疗肿瘤性疾病的方法，包括以下步骤 (a) 给需要这种治疗的病人服用有效量的辐射活化细胞毒素原药(RACP)，该原药毒性低，可被水的辐射分解产生的还原剂(等价电子和/或氢自由基)还原，还原后释放出足够量的具有足够细胞毒性效力的效应物，以杀死肿瘤细胞；以及 (b) 对所述肿瘤细胞进行辐照，以还原存在于所述肿瘤细胞部位的原药，从而释放所述细胞毒性效应物。 在优选的实施方案中，RACP 是式 (I)、(VI)、(VII) 或 (VIII)。
• Synthesis and Evaluation of Nitroheterocyclic Phosphoramidates as Hypoxia-Selective Alkylating Agents
  作者：Richard F. Borch、Jiwen Liu、James P. Schmidt、Joseph T. Marakovits、Carolyn Joswig、Jerry J. Gipp、R. Timothy Mulcahy

  DOI：10.1021/jm0001020

  日期：2000.6.1

  A series of novel nitroheterocyclic phosphoramidates has been prepared, and the cytotoxicity of these compounds has been evaluated in clonogenic assays against B16, wild-type and cyclophosphamide-resistant MCF-7, and HT-29 cells under aerobic conditions and HT-29 cells under hypoxic conditions. All compounds were comparable in toxicity to wild-type and resistant MCF-7 cells and were also selectively toxic to HT-29 cells under hypoxic conditions (selectivity ratios 1.7 to >20). Analogues lacking the nitro group were not cytotoxic. Electron-withdrawing substituents increased cytotoxicity under aerobic conditions and thereby decreased hypoxic selectivity. In contrast, an electron-donating substituent markedly decreased both aerobic and hypoxic cytotoxicity but enhanced hypoxic selectivity. Chemical reduction of the nitro group resulted in rapid expulsion of the cytotoxic phosphoramide mustard. The most potent of these compounds show significant cytotoxicity under both aerobic and hypoxic conditions.
• GREHN L., CHEM. SCR., 1980, 16, NO 3, 72-76
  作者：GREHN L.

  DOI：——

  日期：——