Discovery and structure–activity relationships of a series of pyroglutamic acid amide antagonists of the P2X7 receptor
摘要:
A computational lead-hopping exercise identified compound 4 as a structurally distinct P2X(7) receptor antagonist. Structure-activity relationships (SAR) of a series of pyroglutamic acid amide analogues of 4 were investigated and compound 31 was identified as a potent P2X(7) antagonist with excellent in vivo activity in animal models of pain, and a profile suitable for progression to clinical studies. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
环保法规推动新的更安全,毒性较低的生物基溶剂的查找替换争议的高沸点溶剂,如ñ甲基-2-吡咯烷酮和ñ,ñ在化工行业二甲基甲酰胺。最近,N-烷基-2-吡咯烷酮和5-甲基-N-烷基-2-吡咯烷酮被提议作为许多应用的有吸引力的替代溶剂。在这里,我们报告了一种基于生物的两步化学催化系统,该系统可以从谷氨酸和C 3 -C 5羰基化合物开始合成范围广泛的N-烷基-2-吡咯烷酮。第一步N通过温和且有效的Pd催化的还原性N-烷基化以高产率(> 85%)合成了谷氨酸的α-单烷基化衍生物。随后,在惰性气氛下在250℃下热诱导内酰胺化成相应的N-烷基焦谷氨酸,然后Pd催化脱羧,得到N-烷基-2-吡咯烷酮。通过用碱中和N-烷基焦谷氨酸底物,部分抵消了水解降解,导致产率高达82%。最后,两个反应步骤在相同的Pd / Al 2 O 3催化剂下,在不同的气体气氛和温度条件下,通过一锅法成功地结合在一起。